ISC Syllabus 2027: Revised Syllabus, Subject Wise Topics, PDF Download and Deleted Topics

Essay writing (argumentative, descriptive, narrative), article writing, report writing, speech writing, Blog Writing (new addition from ISC 2027), and story continuation. Students choose one format per question.

Sentence transformation (active/passive, direct/indirect speech), joining sentences, fill in the blanks (prepositions, articles, tenses), error correction in passages, rearranging jumbled words, and punctuation exercises.

Coulomb’s law, superposition principle, electric field lines, Gauss’s theorem, electric potential, equipotential surfaces, capacitors in series and parallel, dielectrics and polarisation, energy stored in a capacitor.

Ohm’s law, drift velocity, resistivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge, potentiometer, EMF and internal resistance of a cell.

Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s circuital law, force on a current-carrying conductor, galvanometer conversions (ammeter, voltmeter), cyclotron, Earth’s magnetic field, dia/para/ferromagnetic substances, hysteresis.

Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws, self-inductance, mutual inductance, eddy currents, AC generator, phasor diagrams, impedance, resonance in RLC circuits, power factor, LC oscillations, transformers and energy losses.

Reflection, refraction, total internal reflection, lens formula, power of lenses, optical fibre, prism dispersion, scattering of light, microscopes and telescopes; Huygen’s principle, Young’s double-slit experiment, interference, single-slit diffraction, polarisation, Brewster’s angle.

Rutherford’s nuclear model, Bohr’s model, hydrogen spectrum, binding energy, mass defect, mass-energy equivalence, radioactivity (alpha, beta, gamma), half-life, nuclear fission and fusion.

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction diode, forward and reverse biasing, Zener diode, half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, LED, photodiode, solar cell, transistor (npn and pnp) characteristics, transistor as amplifier and switch, logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR).

Crystal lattice, unit cells, Bragg’s equation, packing efficiency (simple cubic, BCC, FCC), coordination number, point defects (Schottky, Frenkel), electrical properties of solids.

Raoult’s law, Henry’s law, relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, van’t Hoff factor, abnormal molar masses.

Galvanic cells, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation, Gibbs energy and cell potential, Kohlrausch’s law, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws, corrosion.

Rate of reaction, rate law, order and molecularity, integrated rate equations for zero and first order, half-life, Arrhenius equation, activation energy, collision theory.

Group 15: N₂, NH₃, HNO₃, oxides of nitrogen; Group 16: O₃, sulphur allotropes, H₂SO₄; Group 17: halogens, HX, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of chlorine; Group 18: noble gases, XeF₂, XeF₄.

Reactions of alcohols: dehydration, esterification, oxidation (Lucas test); acidic nature of phenols, electrophilic substitution; preparation and reactions of ethers (Williamson synthesis).

Nucleophilic addition reactions, Tollens’ test, Fehling’s test, Cannizzaro reaction, aldol condensation, cross-aldol condensation, carboxylic acid acidity, derivatives (acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters, amides).

Types of matrices, matrix operations, transpose, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, determinants, cofactors, adjoint, inverse matrix, Cramer’s rule, solving systems of linear equations using matrices.

Continuity and differentiability, chain rule, parametric and implicit differentiation, Rolle’s theorem and LMVT, applications of derivatives (tangents/normals, maxima/minima, increasing/decreasing functions); indefinite integration (substitution, by parts, partial fractions), definite integrals, area under curves, differential equations (variable separable, homogeneous, linear first order).

Dot product, cross product, scalar triple product, vector equations of lines and planes; direction cosines and ratios, Cartesian and vector equations of lines in 3D, angle between planes, distance from a point to a plane; area between curves using definite integration.

Cost, revenue, and profit functions; marginal cost and marginal revenue; correlation and regression (lines of best fit, Pearson’s coefficient); linear programming (graphical method, corner-point theorem, bounded and unbounded feasible regions).

Types of pollination and agents, fertilisation, embryo and seed development, fruit types; menstrual cycle, gametogenesis, fertilisation in humans, implantation, parturition, lactation; contraceptive methods, STDs, infertility.

Mendel’s laws, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles, ABO blood groups, linkage and crossing over, chromosomal disorders; DNA structure (Watson-Crick model), semiconservative replication, transcription, translation, lac operon; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, natural selection, speciation, adaptive radiation.

Innate and acquired immunity, vaccination, AIDS pathogenesis, cancer types, drug and alcohol abuse; plant breeding techniques, animal husbandry, tissue culture; microbes in biogas, biofertilisers, antibiotics, industrial enzymes, and sewage treatment.

Recombinant DNA technology, restriction endonucleases, cloning vectors, PCR, gel electrophoresis, transgenic plants and animals, Bt crops (Bt cotton), golden rice, gene therapy basics, biosafety and bioethics.

Ecological adaptations, population attributes, interspecific interactions (mutualism, commensalism, competition, predation, parasitism); food chains, food webs, energy flow, pyramids of numbers and biomass, carbon and phosphorus cycles; biodiversity hotspots, red data book, in-situ and ex-situ conservation; air and water pollution, biomagnification, ozone depletion.