MCQs on Cell Cycle and Cell Division

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Cell is the smallest and the most fundamental structural and functional unit of all organisms and life. And like all living organisms, it undergoes cell division to increase the number of the cells and ensure the growth of the organisms. The cell cycle is the systemic step-wise process of cell division, and it is divided into two phases. Cell division in all the organisms is of mainly two types, that is meiosis and mitosis.

Cell Division

Cell Division

Also Read:

Meiosis	Mitosis and Meiosis	Binary Fission

Cell cycle and Phases

Cell division includes the multiplication of cells, which results in the formation of two daughter cells from one mother cell. The cell cycle is the stepwise sequence that is followed to ensure the division of the cell. The cell cycle usually prolongs for 24 hours in the case of eukaryotic organisms and comprises two phases.

Interphase: Resting phase
The M Phase: Cell division phase

Also Read:

Cell Division	Mitosis Metaphase
Interphase	Equational Division

MCQs On Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Ques 1: Which phase, out of the following phases, has most of the events occurring in it?

G1 Phase
G2 Phase
M Phase
Anaphase

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Ans: c. M phase

Explanation: The M phase has most of the events occurring in it since it comprises four stages in karyokinesis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) followed by cytokinesis. This phase is characterized by all the key points involved in cell division and the formation of daughter cells.

Ques 2: Which of the following phases occupy 95% of the time involved in the cell cycle?

Interphase
Karyokinesis
Metaphase
Anaphase

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Ans: a. Interphase

Explanation: The cell cycle is broadly composed of two phases, the interphase, and the M phase. Interphase occupies most of the period when the cell is involved in the cell cycle. It occupies 95% of the period, during which the cell prepares itself for the further processes involved in the cell division.

Ques 3: What is the G0 phase?

Gap phase
Growth Phase
Gestational phase
Quiescent phase

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Ans: d. Quiescent phase

Explanation: Some cells do not show cell division, and they enter into an inactive state after the gap one phase, this inactive phase is known as the quiescent phase or the G0 phase Cells in this stage remain metabolically active but no longer proliferate unless called on to do so depending on the requirement of the organism.

Ques 4: The alignment of the chromosomes in a straight line in the first phase of the M phase is called:

Metaphase plate
Cell plate
Chromosome plate
Anaphase plate

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Ans: a. Metaphase plate

Explanation: The plane of alignment of the chromosomes at metaphase is referred to as the metaphase plate. Cell-plate on the other hand represents the middle lamella between the walls of two adjacent plant cells, which further proceed to the division of the cell.

Ques 5: Which of the following phases is characterized by the gradual visibility of the chromosomes under a light microscope?

Leptotene
Zygotene
Pachytene
Diplotene

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Ans: a. Leptotene

Explanation: Prophase 1 in meiosis is complex and is divided into further five phases, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, and Diakinesis. Out of these five phases, during the leptotene stage, the chromosomes become gradually visible under the light microscope.

Ques 6: Which of the following phases is characterized by the dissolution of the synaptonemal complex?

Zygotene
Leptotene
Pachytene
Diplotene

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Ans: d. Diplotene

Explanation: The beginning of the diplotene phase is marked by the decomposition and dissolution of the synaptonemal complex and the habitual property of the recombined homologous (similar) chromosomes of the bivalents to differentiate from each other but not at the sites of crossovers.

Ques 7: What is the complex formed by a pair of synapsed homologous chromosomes known as?

Bivalent
Tetrad
Both a and b
None of the above

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Ans: c. Both a and b

Explanation: The electron micrographs of the stage zygotene show that the chromosome synapsis is accompanied by the formation of a complex structure called the synaptonemal complex. The complex structure formed by a pair of synapsed chromosomes that are similar in nature is called a bivalent or a tetrad.

Ques 8: The X-shaped crossovers in the diplotene stage are known as:

Chiasmata
Chiassmata
Charita
bivalent

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Ans: a. Chiasmata

Explanation: The diplotene phase is characterized by the dissolution of the synaptonemal complex and the separation of the recombined homologous chromosomes of the bivalents from each other except at the sites of crossovers. These X-shaped structures are called chiasmata.

Ques 9: Which of the following structural units can be seen in the prophase except?

disintegrating nuclear membrane
Asters
Chromatin fibers
Golgi apparatus

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Ans: d. Golgi apparatus

Explanation: The prophase is characterized by a loss of Golgi complexes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, and the nuclear envelope, and formation of microtubule complexes.

Ques 10: The following type of division results in the formation of gametes and sex cells having a haploid nature, unlike the diploid parent cell:

Mitosis
Meiosis
Apogamy
Miosis

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Ans: b. Meiosis

Explanation: Meiosis is a specialized kind of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half and results in the production of haploid daughter cells. Meiosis forms 4 haploid daughter cells from one parent cell.

Also Read:

Movement due to growth	Photosynthesis and Respiration
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction	Locomotion and Movement
Mechanism of action of auxin	Active and Passive Transport
What is Endocrine Glands	Vegetative Propagation in Plants
Ecology and Environment	Hormones in Animals
Gene Regulation	Binary Fission

CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

1.
Read the passage given below and answer the question.
Food chains ‘P’ and ‘Q’ form an interconnection. ‘P’ initiates with wheat grass whose population supports a few grasshoppers, frogs and snakes.
‘Q’ starts with dead decaying leaves of wheat grass which are eaten by earthworms and then food chain is continued with frog of food chain ‘P’.
Identify the types of food chains ‘P’ and ‘Q’:

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2.
The RNA triplet UAG acts as a stop codon which terminates the synthesis of a polypeptide. Below is given a strand of DNA which codes for four amino acids.
In which position will an insertion of a thymine nucleotide result in the termination of translation?
DNA strand:
3′ T C C A C C C G A T G C 5′

3′ TCCACCCGATGC 5'
3′ TCCACCCGATGC 5′
3′ TCCACCCGATGC 5′
3′ TCCACCCGATGC 5′

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3.
The basic scheme of the essential steps involved in the process of recombinant DNA technology is summarised below in the form of a flow diagram. Study the given flow diagram and answer the questions that follow: \begin{center} Step-1 \quad Plasmid DNA (cut using Restriction Enzyme EcoR I) \quad + \quad Foreign DNA (cut using Restriction Enzyme EcoR I)
$\downarrow$
DNA ligase
$\downarrow$
Step-2 \quad Recombinant DNA molecule
$\downarrow$
Step-3 \quad Transfer of recombinant DNA molecule to the host cell
$\downarrow$
Step-4 \quad Replication of recombinant DNA molecule in the host cell \end{center} (a) Name the specific enzyme that might have been used to make the multiple copies of foreign DNA before undergoing Step-1 of the process.
(b) How does the use of restriction enzyme EcoR I in Step-1 facilitate the action of DNA ligase to form the recombinant DNA molecule? Explain.
(c) Name the most commonly used host in the above process.

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4.
Flowering plants with hermaphrodite flowers have developed many reproductive strategies to ensure cross-pollination. Study the given outbreeding devices adopted by certain flowering plants and answer the questions that follow.

Note : All plants belong to the same species. No pollen tube growth/inhibition of pollen germination on stigma. Pollen germination on stigma.
[(a)] Name and define the outbreeding device described in the above table.
[(b)] Explain what would have been the disadvantage to the plant in the absence of the given strategy.

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5.
Why are restrictions imposed on MTP in India? Up to how many weeks or trimesters, is MTP considered relatively safe for a female, if necessary to perform, by a medical practitioner?

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6.
Student to attempt either option (A) or (B):
(A) How is the interaction between Ophrys and its specific bee pollinator one of the best examples of co-evolution? Explain.
OR
(B) Arrange the given important steps of decomposition in their correct order of occurrence in the breakdown of complex organic matter and explain the fourth step in the process.

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MCQs on Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle and Phases

MCQs On Cell Cycle and Cell Division

CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

5.
Why are restrictions imposed on MTP in India? Up to how many weeks or trimesters, is MTP considered relatively safe for a female, if necessary to perform, by a medical practitioner?

Similar Biology Concepts

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MCQs on Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle and Phases

MCQs On Cell Cycle and Cell Division

CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

5.Why are restrictions imposed on MTP in India? Up to how many weeks or trimesters, is MTP considered relatively safe for a female, if necessary to perform, by a medical practitioner?

Similar Biology Concepts

Comments

SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWS LETTER

5.
Why are restrictions imposed on MTP in India? Up to how many weeks or trimesters, is MTP considered relatively safe for a female, if necessary to perform, by a medical practitioner?