Question:
State Raoult's law for a solution containing a non-volatile solute.
State Raoult's law for a solution containing a non-volatile solute.
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{Non-volatile solute → Lowers vapor pressure}
Raoult’s law: \( P = P^0 \times X_{\text{solvent}} \)
Updated On: Feb 24, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
Concept:
Raoult's law describes the relationship between the vapor pressure of a solvent and the presence of a solute in a solution. It is especially applicable to dilute solutions and ideal solutions.
Statement:
For a solution containing a non-volatile solute, Raoult's law states that:
\begin{quote}
The vapor pressure of the solvent over the solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent present in the solution.
\end{quote}
Mathematically,
\[
P = P^0 \times X_{\text{solvent}}
\]
where:
- \( P \) = vapor pressure of the solvent in the solution
- \( P^0 \) = vapor pressure of the pure solvent
- \( X_{\text{solvent}} \) = mole fraction of the solvent
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