Explain why is ortho nitrophenol more acidic than ortho methoxyphenol.
Explain why is ortho nitrophenol more acidic than ortho methoxyphenol.
Solution and Explanation
The nitro-group is an electron-withdrawing group. The presence of this group in the ortho position decreases the electron density in the O-H bond. As a result, it is easier to lose a proton. Also, the o-nitro phenoxide ion formed after the loss of protons is stabilized by resonance. Hence, ortho nitrophenol is a stronger acid. On the other hand, the methoxy group is an electron-releasing group. Thus, it increases the electron density in the O-H bond and hence, the proton cannot be given out easily. For this reason,ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol.
Top Questions on Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
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Questions Asked in CBSE CLASS XII exam
- Find the inverse of each of the matrices,if it exists \(\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1 \\ 7 & 4 \end{bmatrix}\)
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Notes on Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
Concepts Used:
Preparation - Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are organic compounds that can be prepared by various methods.
Preparation of Alcohols:
- Direct hydration of alkenes: Alcohols can be prepared by the addition of water to an alkene in the presence of a strong acid catalyst.
- Reduction of carbonyl compounds: Alcohols can be prepared by the reduction of aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids using reducing agents like NaBH4 or LiAlH4.
- Grignard reaction: Alcohols can be prepared by reacting Grignard reagents with carbonyl compounds.
- Hydroboration-oxidation: Alcohols can be prepared by the hydroboration of alkenes followed by oxidation with an oxidizing agent like H2O2.
Preparation of Phenols:
- Hydrolysis of diazonium salts: Phenols can be prepared by the hydrolysis of diazonium salts, which are formed by the reaction of aniline with nitrous acid.
- Oxidation of sulfonic acids: Phenols can be prepared by the oxidation of sulfonic acids using strong oxidizing agents like potassium permanganate or chromic acid.
Preparation of Ethers:
- Williamson synthesis: Ethers can be prepared by the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide or tosylate in the presence of a strong base like NaOH or KOH.
- Dehydration of alcohols: Ethers can be prepared by the dehydration of alcohols in the presence of a strong acid catalyst like H2SO4.
In summary, alcohols, phenols, and ethers can be prepared by a variety of methods, including hydration, reduction, Grignard reaction, hydroboration-oxidation, hydrolysis, oxidation, Williamson synthesis, and dehydration. The choice of the method depends on the availability of starting materials, the desired product, and the conditions of the reaction.
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