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According to kinetic theory of gases
According to kinetic theory of gases
Updated On: May 20, 2024
- collisions are always elastic
- heavier molecules transfer more momentum to the wall of the container
- only a small number of molecules have very high velocity
- between collisions, the molecules move in straight lines with constant velocities
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(a) According to a postulate of kinetic theory of gases, collision between the molecules as well as with the wall of container is perfectly elastic in nature.
(b) If a gas molecule of mass m moving with speed u collide to the wall of container, the change in momentum is $\Delta $p = - 2mu. Therefore, heavier molecule will transfer more momentum to the wall as there will be greater change in momentum of the colliding gas molecule. However, this is not postulated in kinetic theory.
(c) According to Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular speed, very few molecules have either very high or very low speeds. Most of the molecules moves in a specific, intermediate speed range.
(d) According to kinetic theory of gases, a gas molecule moves in straight line unless it collide with another molecule or to the wall of container and change in momentum is observed only after collision.
(b) If a gas molecule of mass m moving with speed u collide to the wall of container, the change in momentum is $\Delta $p = - 2mu. Therefore, heavier molecule will transfer more momentum to the wall as there will be greater change in momentum of the colliding gas molecule. However, this is not postulated in kinetic theory.
(c) According to Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular speed, very few molecules have either very high or very low speeds. Most of the molecules moves in a specific, intermediate speed range.
(d) According to kinetic theory of gases, a gas molecule moves in straight line unless it collide with another molecule or to the wall of container and change in momentum is observed only after collision.
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According to the principles of the kinetic theory of gases, gas molecules interact by colliding with each other and with the walls of their container. These collisions are completely elastic, meaning that no energy is lost during the interaction.
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Concepts Used:
States of Matter
The matter is made up of very tiny particles and these particles are so small that we cannot see them with naked eyes.
There are three States of Matter:
The three states of matter are as follows:
Solid State:
- The solid-state is one of the fundamental states of matter.
- Solids differ from liquids and gases by the characteristic of rigidity.
- The molecules of solids are tightly packed because of strong intermolecular forces; they only oscillate about their mean positions.
Liquid State:
- The molecules in a liquid are closely packed due to weak intermolecular forces.
- These forces are weaker than solids but stronger than that of gases.
- There is much space in between the molecules of liquids which makes their flowing ability easy.
Gaseous State:
- In this state of matter, distances between the molecules are large (intermolecular distance is in the range of 10-7-10-5 cm.
- The intermolecular forces experienced between them are negligible.
- Thus, translatory, rotatory and vibratory motions are observed prominently in gases.
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