Cell Biology MCQ: Tissues, Structure & Organisation

Ans. c) the smallest and basic unit of life.

Explanation - The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. All living things are made up of cells or groups of cells and are responsible for all the functions of life. All living organisms have cells that function as structural, functional, and biological units. 

Ans. c) Robert Hooke in 1965

Explanation - The cell was discovered by English botanist Robert Hooke in 1665. He used his microscope to look at cork fragments at that time. He said that the cell has a rich and fascinating history that has given many areas of modern scientific development. 

Ans. a) Virus

Explanation - Viruses do not have cells in them because they cannot reproduce on their own (without a host), so viruses are not considered living. Therefore, they are much smaller than living cells, and they are just packages of nucleic acids and proteins. They do not have cell membranes or other organelles (for example, ribosomes or mitochondria) that cells usually have.

Ans. b) Schwann and Schleiden

Explanation - In 1838, Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, examined a large number of plants and discovered that all plants are made up of different types of cells that make up plant tissue. Schwann (1839), a British zoologist, studied the different types of animal cells and reported that the cells have a thin outer layer today known as the ‘plasma membrane’. Therefore, Schleiden and Schwann together form a cell theory.

1. What is cell biology?
2. Study of plant cell
3. Study of cancerous cell
4. Examine of cell structure
5. Study of cell structure and function

Ans. d) Study of cell structure and function

Explanation - Cell biology is the study of the structure and function of cells, and it revolves around the notion that a cell is a basic unit of life. Focusing on the cell allows for a more detailed understanding of the tissues and organisms involved in the cells. Therefore, the science of cell biology focuses on the cell structure and function of cells, ranging from the normal functions assigned to all cells to highly complex functions. 

Ans. d) cell wall

Explanation - Animal cells do not have cell walls because they do not need them. The cell walls, which are found in plant cells, retain the shape of cells, almost as if each cell had its skeleton. This stiffness allows the plants to stand upright without the need for bones. If animals had the same cell walls as plants do, they would not be able to move.

Ans. c) cellulose

Explanation - The cell wall contains a network of cellulose molecules and connecting glycans embedded in the highly connected matrix of cellulose polysaccharides. Cellulose fibers are long polymers, specific to many aldohexose molecules. The cell wall surrounds the cytomembrane of plant cells and provides strong strength and protection against mechanical stress and proliferation. 

Ans. c) Ribosomes

Explanation - Ribosomes, large protein complexes ribonucleic acid (RNA), cellular organelle are responsible for the formation of proteins. They get their ‘orders’ for protein synthesis in the nucleus where DNA is written in messenger RNA (mRNA).

Ans. c) Lysosomes

Explanation - Lysosomes are called 'digestive bags' because they contain enzymes that play a major role in cell digestion. It will mix with food vacuole and enzymes to help the lysosome digest food in the food vacuole. Moreover, lysosomes are also known as suicide bags as these are responsible for processing the nutrients.

Ans. b) Tonoplast

Explanation - Tonoplast is also called the vacuolar membrane, tonoplast is a cytoplasmic-membrane around the vacuole, which separates the vacuolar content from the cell cytoplasm. 

Ans. d) Formation of spindle fibers

Explanation - Centrosomes are responsible for the formation of microtubules and important spinning fibers during the cell division process. The centrosome is the main microtubule (MTOC) center for animal cells, so it regulates cell mobility, adhesion, and polarity at interphase, and facilitates the arrangement of spinning poles during mitosis. 

Ans. d) Mitochondria

Explanation - Apoptosis is a process of independent cell death that is activated to eliminate excess, damaged, altered, or old cells. In addition to their role as the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria play a key role in regulating apoptosis. It also plays an important role in cell death. 

Ans. a) Nucleolus

Explanation - In a eukaryotic cell, a cell with a nucleus, ribosomes originate from a special part of the nucleus called the nucleolus. Ribosomal RNA is synthesized and bound to proteins in the nucleolus, and then transported from the nucleus to form ribosomes.

Ans. b) Chloroplast

Explanation - Chloroplast is considered a cell within the cell because it contains its DNA. Therefore, it is a semi autonomous organelle. It helps in photosynthesis. Those organelles that have their DNA and are independent can be called cells within a cell.