Question

The foundation of labelling view of deviance was first established by whom in Social Pathology, 1951:

• A. Howard Becker
• B. E. Lemert
• C. W.I. Thomas
• D. Erving Goffman

Hint:

Edwin Lemert introduced primary and secondary deviance in labelling theory.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept:
Labelling theory studies how individuals become identified as deviant through social reactions.

Step 1:
The theory explains that deviance is not inherent in an act but is created through social labels.

Step 2:
Edwin Lemert introduced the early foundation of labelling theory in his work Social Pathology (1951).

Step 3:
He distinguished between primary deviance and secondary deviance.

Step 4:

• Howard Becker later expanded labelling theory.
• W.I. Thomas is known for the Thomas theorem.
• Erving Goffman worked on stigma and dramaturgy.

Step 5:
Therefore, the correct answer is E. Lemert. \[ \boxed{\text{(2) E. Lemert}} \]