Anions of the acids $HNO_{3}, H_{3}PO_{4}$ and $H_{2}SO_{4}$ are $NO^{-}_{3}, PO^{3-}_{4}$ and $SO^{2-}_{4}$ respectively Their structures can be explained as follows: $NO^{-}_{3}$ has planar structure It has nitrogen as a central atom without lone pair, whidi is bonded to three oxygen atoms. Its hybridisation can be predicted by $\frac{1}{2}[V+M-C+A]$ Where $V$ = number of valence electrons $M$ = number of monovalent ion $C$= cationic charge $A$ - anionic charge $\therefore$ Hybridisation $=\frac{1}{2}[5+0-0+1]=3$ $PO^{3-}_{4}$ has tetrahedral structure. It has phosphorus as a central atom without lone pair which is bonded to four oxygen atoms. Its hybridisation can be predicted as $\frac{1}{2}[5+0-0+3]=3$ $SO^{2-}_{4}$ has tetrahedral structure. It has phosphorus as a central atom without lone pair which is bonded to four oxygen atoms. Its hybridisation can be predicted as $\frac{1}{2}[6+0-0+2]=4$
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Top Questions on Chemical bonding and molecular structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
