Number of elements from the following that CANNOT form compounds with valencies which match with their respective group valencies is ______. B, C, N, S, O, F, P, Al, Si
Group valency refers to the number of bonds an element can form based on its group number in the periodic table. For elements to match their group valency, they must be able to expand their octet by using vacant d-orbitals, if available.
Analyze Each Element:
Boron (B): Belongs to Group 13; can show a valency of 3, which matches its group valency.
Carbon (C): Belongs to Group 14; typically forms four bonds, matching its group valency.
Nitrogen (N): Belongs to Group 15; can show valencies of 3 and 5. However, it lacks d-orbitals, so it often cannot expand to match a group valency of 5 in all cases.
Oxygen (O): Belongs to Group 16; has a typical valency of 2, but lacks d-orbitals, preventing it from matching the group valency of 6.
Fluorine (F): Belongs to Group 17; can only form one bond, as it lacks d-orbitals and cannot match a group valency of 7.
Sulfur (S): Belongs to Group 16; can expand its octet due to available d-orbitals, matching a group valency of 6.
Phosphorus (P): Belongs to Group 15; can expand its octet and show a valency of 5, matching the group valency.
Aluminum (Al): Belongs to Group 13; typically shows a valency of 3, matching its group valency.
Silicon (Si): Belongs to Group 14; typically shows a valency of 4, matching its group valency.
Elements That Cannot Match Group Valency:
Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine lack the ability to expand their octets due to the absence of vacant d-orbitals, so they cannot match their respective group valencies.
Conclusion:
The number of elements that cannot match their group valencies is 3, which corresponds to Option (4).
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