In nature, populations of different species in a habitat do not live in isolation but interact in many ways. Depending on the outcome, these interactions between two species are classified as competition, predation, parasitism, commensalism, amensalism, and mutualism. Through these interactions, trophic energy transfer is facil itated. Some predators help in controlling their prey populations, whereas plants have evolved diverse morphological and chemical defenses against herbivores.
Question: 1
Name the population interaction which takes place when one species is benefited and another species has no effect (no benefit, no harm).
Commensalism is a type of interaction where one species benefits while the other species is neither helped nor harmed. This interaction is common in nature and can be seen in relationships such as barnacles attaching to whales, where the barnacle benefits from movement to new food sources, but the whale is unaffected.
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Question: 2
Identify the incorrect matching from the following population interactions:
Predation involves a +/– interaction, where one species (the predator) benefits by feeding on the other species (the prey), which is harmed. A –/– interaction is incorrect for predation, as both species are not negatively impacted in a predator-prey relationship.
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Question: 3
Given below are two statements: Statement I: An orchid grows as an epiphyte on a mango branch where the mango tree does not derive any apparent benefit from it. Statement II: An orchid growing on a mango tree is an example of commensalism. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Orchids benefit by growing on mango trees without harming them, which is an example of commensalism, where one species benefits, and the other is unaffected.
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Question: 4
Match List-I with List-II:
List-I (Examples)
List-II (Interactions)
(A) Extinction of Abingdon tortoise after introduction of goats on Galapagos Islands
(I) Parasitism
(B) Infestations of marine fish by copepods
(II) Commensalism
(C) Cattle egret and grazing cattle
(III) Mutualism
(D) Fig tree and wasp
(IV) Competition
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
We maintain a constant body temperature of 37°C – Conformer
Every winter Keoladeo National Park hosts the birds coming from Siberia – Migration
Under unfavorable conditions many zooplankton species in ponds enter the stage of suspended development – Diapause
If a predator is too efficient it overexploits its prey – Extinction
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The Correct Option isA
Solution and Explanation
Humans maintain a constant internal temperature, making us regulators rather than conformers. Conformers are organisms whose body temperature varies with the environment.
