Explain the geographical requirements and production of coffee in India.
Show Hint
• Karnataka is the largest coffee-producing state in India.
• Warm, humid climate and hill slopes are ideal for coffee cultivation.
• Arabica and Robusta are the two major varieties grown in India.
Solution and Explanation
• Coffee is an important plantation crop of India.
• India is among the leading coffee-producing countries in the world.
• Coffee cultivation is mainly concentrated in the southern hill regions due to favourable climatic conditions.
• The two important varieties grown in India are Arabica and Robusta. Part (I): Geographical Requirements
Step 1: Climate
Coffee requires a warm and humid tropical climate with temperatures ranging from about \(15^\circ\text{C}\) to \(28^\circ\text{C}\). It grows best in areas receiving annual rainfall between \(150\) and \(250\) cm with a short dry season for berry ripening.
Step 2: Soil and Relief
Well-drained, fertile loamy soils rich in humus are ideal for coffee cultivation. The crop is generally grown on hill slopes at elevations ranging from about \(600\) to \(1,600\) metres under the shade of taller trees. Part (II): Production of Coffee in India
Step 3: Major Producing States
Coffee is mainly produced in:
• Karnataka (largest producer)
• Kerala
• Tamil Nadu It is also cultivated on a smaller scale in Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and the North-Eastern states.
Step 4: Production Features
Most Indian coffee is grown under natural shade, which enhances its quality and flavour. A large proportion of the coffee produced in India is exported to European and other international markets. Answer: Coffee requires a warm and humid climate, well-drained fertile soils, abundant rainfall and hill slopes with shade trees for its cultivation. In India, coffee is mainly produced in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, with Karnataka being the largest producer. Most Indian coffee is shade-grown and is well known for its superior quality, with a significant share being exported.
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