Explain the concept of ‘empowerment’ as a pillar of human development.
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Inclusive policies and good governance are the primary tools for achieving empowerment in a society.
Solution and Explanation
• Empowerment is one of the four key pillars that sustain the idea of human development.
• It focuses on the distribution of power and the ability of individuals and groups to influence the decisions that affect their lives.
Step 1: Defining the core of empowerment as the power to choose
Empowerment fundamentally means having the power to make choices.
In many societies, various groups are restricted from making choices due to economic, social, or political barriers.
Empowerment aims to remove these constraints to ensure everyone has agency.
Step 2: The role of freedom and capability in empowerment
The ability to choose comes from an increase in human freedom and enhanced capabilities.
When people are free from hunger, fear, and ignorance, they are more capable of exercising their rights and participating in the developmental process.
Step 3: Policy requirements for equitable empowerment
Empowerment requires good governance and people-oriented policies that are inclusive and transparent.
Special focus must be placed on empowering socially and economically backward groups, as well as women, to ensure that the benefits of human development reach every segment of society.
Top CBSE CLASS XII Geography Questions
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Hunting and Food Gathering
The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance. They subsisted on: (a) animals which they hunted; and (b) the edible plants which they gathered from forests in the vicinity. Primitive societies depended on wild animals. People located in very cold and extremely hot climates survived on hunting. The people in the coastal areas still catch fish though fishing has experienced modernisation due to technological development. Many species, now have become extinct or endangered due to illegal hunting (poaching). The early hunters used primitive tools made of stones, twigs or arrows so the number of animals killed was limited. Gathering and hunting are the oldest economic activity known. These are carried out at different levels with different orientations. Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves primitive societies, who extract both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing. This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low levels of technology. The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced.- Examine the role of climate, water availability, and soil fertility on the distribution of world population.
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- Explain the concept of ‘human development’. Examine four approaches to human development.
- Explain the concept of ‘human development’. Examine four approaches to human development.
- Explain the approach suggested by Amartya Sen to increase human development and examine the four major aspects of human development.
- Human Development
Access to resources, health and education are the key areas in human development. Suitable indicators have been developed to measure each of these aspects.
Very often, people do not have the capability and freedom to make even basic choices. This may be due to their inability to acquire knowledge, their material poverty, social discrimination, inefficiency of institutions and other reasons. This prevents them from leading healthy lives, being able to get educated or to have the means to live a decent life. access to resources is therefore, important in enlarging their choices. If people do not have capabilities in these areas, their choices also get limited.
For example, an uneducated child cannot make the choice to be a doctor because her choice has got limited by her lack of education. Similarly, very often poor people cannot choose to take medical treatment for disease because their choice is limited by their lack of resources. - State with highest density of population:
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