Examine the importance of ‘sustainability’ as a pillar of ‘human development’.
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It ensures that opportunities for future generations are not compromised by today's actions.
Solution and Explanation
• Human development is supported by four pillars: equity, sustainability, productivity, and empowerment.
• Sustainability refers to the continuity in the availability of opportunities over time.
• It implies that all resources (environmental, financial, and human) must be used keeping the future in mind.
Step 1: Explain the core principle of sustainability
Sustainability means that each generation must have the same opportunities to utilize resources as the current generation.
If resources are over-exploited today, future generations will have fewer choices and lower development.
Step 2: Discuss resource management for development
To ensure human development is long-lasting, it is essential to manage resources efficiently.
For example, a country that exhausts its forests or groundwater today is depriving future children of those essential development inputs.
Top CBSE CLASS XII Geography Questions
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Hunting and Food Gathering
The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance. They subsisted on: (a) animals which they hunted; and (b) the edible plants which they gathered from forests in the vicinity. Primitive societies depended on wild animals. People located in very cold and extremely hot climates survived on hunting. The people in the coastal areas still catch fish though fishing has experienced modernisation due to technological development. Many species, now have become extinct or endangered due to illegal hunting (poaching). The early hunters used primitive tools made of stones, twigs or arrows so the number of animals killed was limited. Gathering and hunting are the oldest economic activity known. These are carried out at different levels with different orientations. Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves primitive societies, who extract both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing. This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low levels of technology. The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced.- Examine the role of climate, water availability, and soil fertility on the distribution of world population.
- Examine three stages of demographic transition theory.
- Study the map of Rhine waterways and answer the questions that follow:
- Explain the main features of National Highways in India.
Top CBSE CLASS XII Human Development Questions
- Explain the concept of ‘human development’. Examine four approaches to human development.
- Explain the concept of ‘human development’. Examine four approaches to human development.
- Explain the approach suggested by Amartya Sen to increase human development and examine the four major aspects of human development.
- Human Development
Access to resources, health and education are the key areas in human development. Suitable indicators have been developed to measure each of these aspects.
Very often, people do not have the capability and freedom to make even basic choices. This may be due to their inability to acquire knowledge, their material poverty, social discrimination, inefficiency of institutions and other reasons. This prevents them from leading healthy lives, being able to get educated or to have the means to live a decent life. access to resources is therefore, important in enlarging their choices. If people do not have capabilities in these areas, their choices also get limited.
For example, an uneducated child cannot make the choice to be a doctor because her choice has got limited by her lack of education. Similarly, very often poor people cannot choose to take medical treatment for disease because their choice is limited by their lack of resources. - State with highest density of population:
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