Question

An international effort "REDD+" was proposed in the year 2005 by developing countries for ...............

• A. Reducing CFCs emissions for recovery of ozone layer
• B. Reducing deforestation to combat global warming
• C. Conserving wetlands for water management
• D. Conserving fossil fuel for next generation

Hint:

Acronym Breakdown:
REDD+ = Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation.
The "+" includes:
- Forest conservation.
- Sustainable forest management.
- Enhancement of forest carbon sinks.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept:
Forest ecosystems serve as major terrestrial carbon sinks.
Deforestation and forest degradation release stored carbon into the atmosphere, accounting for approximately $10-15\%$ of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
REDD+ is an international climate mitigation initiative developed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

Step 1: Genesis of REDD+ in 2005:
At the 11th Conference of the Parties (COP 11) to the UNFCCC held in Montreal in 2005, the Coalition for Rainforest Nations (led by Papua New Guinea and Costa Rica) submitted a formal proposal entitled "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries".
This initiative aimed to create financial incentives for developing countries to protect tropical rainforests, thereby preventing carbon emissions and mitigating global warming.

Step 2: Evolution from REDD to REDD+:
The original REDD concept focused exclusively on avoiding deforestation and forest degradation.
Under the Bali Action Plan (COP 13, 2007) and Warsaw Framework (COP 19, 2013), the scope was expanded to REDD+, where the "+" encompasses:
1. Conservation of existing forest carbon stocks.
2. Sustainable management of forests.
3. Enhancement of forest carbon stocks through afforestation and reforestation.

Step 3: Purpose and Core Mechanism:
Developing nations receive verified results-based payments for measurable reductions in carbon emissions achieved through forest conservation.
Its primary objective is reducing deforestation and forest degradation to mitigate global climate change.
Final Answer:
REDD+ was proposed for reducing deforestation to combat global warming, corresponding to option (B).