List of top Chemistry Questions on Thermodynamics

Which one of the following equations does not correctly represent the first law of thermodynamics for the given processes involving an ideal gas? (Assume non-expansion work is zero)
Calculate \(|\Delta H^{\circ}|\) for the following reaction (in kJ/mol):
\[ 2H_2S(g) + 3O_2(g) \rightarrow 2SO_2(g) + 2H_2O(l) \] Given data: \[ \Delta H_f^{\circ}(H_2S(g)) = -20.6 \, \text{kJ/mol}, \Delta H_f^{\circ}(SO_2(g)) = -296.8 \, \text{kJ/mol}, \Delta H_f^{\circ}(H_2O(l)) = -285.8 \, \text{kJ/mol} \]
Arrange the following isothermal processes in order of the magnitude of the work (p - V) involved between states 1 and 2.

A. Expansion in single stage $w_A$
B. Expansion in multi stages $w_B$
C. Compression in single stage $w_C$
D. Compression in multi stages $w_D$

Choose the correct option.
For given four processes compare magnitude of work:
For the reversible reaction at 300 K, \( \Delta H^o = 28.4 \, \text{KJ/mole} \) and equilibrium constant \( K = 1.8 \times 10^{-7} \), then calculate the magnitude of \( \Delta S^o \) in Joule/K-mole.
[Given: log 2 = 0.3, \( \ln 10 = 2.3 \), \( R = 8.314 \, \text{J/K.mole} \), log 3 = 0.47]
1 mole of He and 1 mole A are taken in a 10 L rigid container at 400 K, and equilibrium \( A \rightleftharpoons B \) is established. Calculate the partial pressure of He and B at equilibrium if \( K_c = 4 \).
A solution contains 0.25 moles of non-volatile solute dissolved in one mole of solvent. Then calculate the % vapor pressure of solution relative to the vapor pressure of pure solvent.
If at infinite dilution, molar conductivities of BaCl\(_2\), HCl and H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) are \( x_1 \), \( x_2 \), \( x_3 \) S cm\(^2\)mol\(^{-1}\) respectively, find solubility product of BaSO\(_4\). Given \( K_{\text{BaSO}_4} \) (Specific conductance) = \( x \) S cm\(^{-1}\)
Given $C_p = a + bT$
$a = 19.5$, $b = 0.042$, $n = 1$ mole
Temperature changes from $27^\circ C$ to $327^\circ C$.
Find $\Delta H$.
Isothermal compressibility of an ideal gas \[ -\frac{1}{V}\left(\frac{dV}{dP}\right)_T \] is equal to
When Ethane-1,2-diamine is added progressively to an aqueous solution of Nickel (II) chloride, the sequence of colour change observed will be:
The amount of NaOH required to neutralize 9.8g H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) is:
Which form of RNA plays a key role in protein synthesis?
The elemental composition of a compound is 54.2%C, 9.2%H, and 36.6%O. If the molar mass of the compound is 132 g/mol, the molecular formula of the compound is:
Which of the following mixing of 1M base and 1M acid leads to the largest increase in temperature?

For a given reaction \( R \rightarrow P \), \( t_{1/2} \) is related to \([A_0]\) as given in the table. Given: \( \log 2 = 0.30 \). Which of the following is true? 
 

\([A]\) (mol/L)\(t_{1/2}\) (min)
0.100200
0.025100

A. The order of the reaction is \( \frac{1}{2} \). 
B. If \( [A_0] \) is 1 M, then \( t_{1/2} \) is \( 200/\sqrt{10} \) min. 
C. The order of the reaction changes to 1 if the concentration of reactant changes from 0.100 M to 0.500 M. 
D. \( t_{1/2} \) is 800 min for \( [A_0] = 1.6 \) M. 

The reaction \( {A}_2 + {B}_2 \to 2{AB} \) follows the mechanism: \[ {A}_2 \xrightarrow{k_1} {A} + {A} \ ({fast}) \quad {A} + {B}_2 \xrightarrow{k_2} {AB} + {B} \ ({slow}) \quad {A} + {B} \to {AB} \ ({fast}) \] The overall order of the reaction is:
For hydrogen atom, the orbital/s with lowest energy is/are:
At \( T \)(K), hydrogen and oxygen gases are mixed in the ratio of \( 1:2 \) by mass in a closed vessel of volume \( V \) litres. If the total pressure of the gaseous mixture is \( p \) atm, the partial pressure of oxygen (in atm) is:
Identify the conditions at which van der Waals equation of state changes to ideal gas equation.
The energy required to increase the temperature of 180 g of liquid water from 10$^\circ$C to 15$^\circ$C is 3765 J. What is $C_p$ of water in J mol$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$? ($H_2O$ = 18 u)
One mole of ethanol (C₂H₅OH) was completely burnt in oxygen to form CO₂(g) and H₂O(l). What is the \(\Delta H_f^{\circ}\) (in kJ/mol) for this reaction?
A and B are ideal gases. At T(K), 2 L of A with a pressure of 1 bar is mixed with 4 L of B with a pressure of P\(_B\) bar in a 100 L flask. The pressure exerted by gaseous mixture is 0.1 bar. What is the value of P\(_B\) in bar?
At \( 298 \) K, \( \Delta U^\circ \) and \( \Delta S^\circ \) for the following reaction are \( -10.5 \) kJ and \( +44.1 \) J\( K^{-1} \); \( 2X(g) + Y(g) \longrightarrow 2Z(g) \). What is \( \Delta G^\circ \) (in kJ) for this reaction? (\( R = 8.314 \) J\( K^{-1} \)mol\(^{-1} \))
At \( T \)(K), hydrogen and oxygen gases are mixed in the ratio of \( 1:2 \) by mass in a closed vessel of volume \( V \) litres. If the total pressure of the gaseous mixture is \( p \) atm, the partial pressure of oxygen (in atm) is: