List of top Structural Engineering Questions on Working stress and Limit state design concepts

The structural design method that DOES NOT take into account the safety factors on the design loads is

The following figure shows a plot between shear stress and velocity gradient for materials/fluids P, Q, R, S, and T.

Which one of the following options is CORRECT?

Various stresses in jointed plain concrete pavement with slab size of 3.5 m x 4.5 m are denoted as follows :
Wheel load stress at interior = \(S_{wl}^i\)
Wheel load stress at edge = \(S_{wl}^e\)
Wheel load stress at corner = \(S_{wl}^c\)
Warping stress at interior = \(S^i_t\)
Warping stress at edge = \(S_t^e\)
Warping stress at corner = \(S_t^c\)
Frictional stress between slab and supporting layer = \(S_f\)
The critical stress combination in the concrete slab during a summer midnight is

A homogeneous, prismatic, linearly elastic steel bar fixed at both the ends has a slenderness ratio (l/r) of 105, where I is the bar length and r is the radius of gyration. The coefficient of thermal expansion of steel is 12 × 10^-6 /°C. Consider the effective length of the steel bar as 0.51 and neglect the self-weight of the bar.
The differential increase in temperature (rounded off to the nearest integer) at which the bar buckles is

A drained triaxial test was conducted on a saturated sand specimen using a stress-path triaxial testing system. The specimen failed when the axial stress reached a value of 100 kN/m² from an initial confining pressure of 300 kN/m².
The angle of shearing plane (in degrees) with respect to horizontal is _______ (rounded off to the nearest integer).

Consider a balanced doubly-reinforced concrete section. If the material and other sectional properties remain unchanged, for which of the following cases will the section becomes under-reinforced?