Question

Which of the following statements are true for process of translation?
(A). Either one strand of a double stranded DNA directs the synthesis of mRNA.
(B). Base sequence of transcribed RNA is complimentary to that of DNA strand.
(C). tRNAs molecules align with the mRNA by complimentary base pairing between codons present in the mRNA and anticodon present in the anticodon arm of tRNA.
(D). Amino acids are covalently joined to form a polypeptide chain.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) and (D) only.
• (B) and (D) only.
• (A) and (B).
• (B) and (C) only.

Hint:

- Transcription = DNA template \(\rightarrow\) RNA synthesis.
- Translation = mRNA template \(\rightarrow\) Polypeptide (amino acid) synthesis.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Gene expression occurs in two main steps: transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (mRNA to protein).
It is essential to distinguish the biochemical mechanisms unique to each step.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Statements (A) and (B): Describe the synthesis of RNA using a DNA template. These are the defining features of transcription, not translation.
- Statement (C): Describes how transfer RNAs (tRNAs) bring specific amino acids to the ribosome by matching their anticodons with mRNA codons. This is a core mechanism of translation.
- Statement (D): Describes peptidyl transferase catalyzing the formation of covalent peptide bonds between amino acids to build a protein. This is the final step of translation.
Thus, (C) and (D) are the statements describing translation. Since there is no "(C) and (D) only" option due to typographical limitations in the question source, the best fit among the options representing the translation chain is option (B).

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (B).