Question

Which of the following is commonly used as an indicator to monitor the sanitary conditions during the production, collection, and handling of raw milk?

• A. Fat test
• B. Temperature test
• C. Entrobacteriaceae count
• D. Test for specific pathogens

Hint:

Enterobacteriaceae (and coliforms) serve as "indicator organisms." Their presence in dairy products indicates poor sanitation or fecal contamination during handling.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Indicator organisms are used to evaluate the overall microbiological safety, hygiene, and sanitary conditions of food processing and handling operations.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Enterobacteriaceae Count (spelled as "Entrobacteriaceae" in the question): This family includes coliforms and other enteric pathogens. Because these bacteria are shed in feces and are common in the farm environment, their presence in milk indicates poor milking hygiene, contaminated water, or inadequate sanitation of milking equipment.
- Fat and Temperature Tests: Physical and chemical quality checks that do not measure microbial hygiene.
- Testing for Specific Pathogens: While important, testing for specific pathogens can be complex and expensive, making indicator counts a more practical choice for routine hygiene monitoring.

Step 3: Final Answer
The microbiological index used to monitor sanitary conditions during raw milk handling is the Enterobacteriaceae count.