Question

Which of the following is a nematode pest of Maize?
A. Lesion Nematode
B. Root Knot Nematode
C. Lance Nematode
D. Stunt Nematode
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, B and D only
• B. A, C and D only
• C. A, B, C and D
• D. B, C and D only

Hint:

Remember that major cereal crops like maize are susceptible to multiple taxonomic groups of nematodes, including lesion, root-knot, lance, and stunt nematodes, acting together or individually in sandy soils.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Maize (Zea mays) is host to a wide array of plant-parasitic nematodes that attack its root system, reducing nutrient and water uptake, which ultimately impacts grain yield and plant vigor.
Identifying the diverse groups of nematodes that infest maize is critical for developing targeted integrated pest management strategies.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us examine each of the listed nematode groups:
- A. Lesion Nematode: Under the genus Pratylenchus (especially P. penetrans and P. zeae), these migratory endoparasites penetrate root cortical tissues, forming necrotic lesions that impair root function. (True)
- B. Root Knot Nematode: Under the genus Meloidogyne (such as M. incognita), these sedentary endoparasites establish feeding sites in the vascular cylinder, inducing the formation of characteristic galls or knots on the roots. (True)
- C. Lance Nematode: Under the genus Hoplolaimus (primarily H. galeatus), these ecto-endoparasites feed on both the epidermis and inner cortical layers, causing severe mechanical damage and root pruning. (True)
- D. Stunt Nematode: Under the genus Tylenchorhynchus, these migratory ectoparasites feed externally on epidermal cells near the root tips, leading to a stubby, stunted root architecture and chlorosis of the shoot. (True)
Since all four nematode groups (A, B, C, and D) are documented pests of maize, the correct choice is the combination containing all of them.

Step 3: Final Answer
The correct option is (C).