Question

Which of the following hormone is not produced by placenta ?

• A. hCG
• B. hPL
• C. estrogen
• D. androgens

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Explanation: Among the hormones listed in the options, androgen (a group of male hormones) is the hormone that is produced by the ovaries in females in very minimal amounts, but it is not produced by the placenta. 
Meanwhile, other hormones like HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), HPL (human placental lactogen), and estrogen are produced by the placenta.
Their roles in supporting pregnancy are as follows:

1. HCG: HCG or Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin, has several functions, such as helping to maintain the corpus luteum in the early stages of pregnancy, preventing menstruation by helping in progesterone production, & supporting fetal development. HGC test is usually done to detect pregnancy.
2. HPL: HPL or Human Placental Lactogen, helps to support pregnancy by, regulating maternal metabolism, stimulating the development of maternal breast tissue, redistributing nutrients from mother to fetus, decreasing maternal insulin sensitivity, and stimulating fetal growth.
3. Estrogen: Estrogen is one of the major hormones that control menstrual cycle as well as pregnancy. During pregnancy, it supports uterine growth and its proper blood flow, helps to develop fetal organs, and prepares the birth canal during parturition. It also helps to develop breast tissues & maintains overall pregnancy.

So, the correct option is (D) : androgens.

Answer 2

The placenta is a specialized organ that forms in the uterus during pregnancy.It plays a crucial role in providing oxygen and nutrients to the developing embryo.
The placenta serves as an endocrine gland, secreting various hormones such as :

• Human chronic gonadotropin (hcG)
• Human placental lactogen (hPL)
• Estrogens
• Progestogens

Therefore, we can clearly see that androgens is not in the list.
So, the correct option is (D) : androgens.