Question

Which of the following are metaethical theories? \[ \text{A. Non-naturalism} \] \[ \text{B. Utilitarianism} \] \[ \text{C. Emotivism} \] \[ \text{D. Prescriptivism} \] \[ \text{E. Relativism} \]

• A. A, B, C and E only
• B. A, B, D and E only
• C. A, B, C and D only
• D. A, C, D and E only

Hint:

Utilitarianism is normative ethics, while non-naturalism, emotivism, prescriptivism and relativism are metaethical discussions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Concept:
Metaethics studies the meaning, nature and status of moral statements. It asks questions like: \[ \text{What does ``good'' mean?} \] \[ \text{Are moral judgements objective or subjective?} \]

Step 1: Check Non-naturalism.
Non-naturalism is a metaethical theory. So: \[ A = \text{Correct} \]

Step 2: Check Emotivism and Prescriptivism.
Emotivism says moral statements express emotions. Prescriptivism says moral statements function as prescriptions. Both are metaethical theories. So: \[ C,\ D = \text{Correct} \]

Step 3: Check Relativism.
Relativism is also discussed in metaethics because it deals with the status and context of moral truth. So: \[ E = \text{Correct} \]

Step 4: Check Utilitarianism.
Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory, not a metaethical theory. So: \[ B = \text{Incorrect} \] Therefore, the correct set is: \[ A,\ C,\ D,\ E \] Hence: \[ \boxed{\text{(D) A, C, D and E only}} \]