Question:
Which ELISA is used to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animal in Foot and Mouth disease?
Which ELISA is used to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animal in Foot and Mouth disease?
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FMD DIVA Diagnostic:
NSP (3ABC) ELISA: Negative in Vaccinated animals; Positive in Field Infected Carrier animals.
NSP (3ABC) ELISA: Negative in Vaccinated animals; Positive in Field Infected Carrier animals.
Updated On: Sep 7, 2026
- Liquid Phase Blocking ELISA
- NSP (Non-Structural Protein) based ELISA
- Sandwich ELISA
- DOT ELISA
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) diagnostics in FMD rely on detecting antibody responses to non-structural viral replication polyprotein antigens.
Key Formula or Approach:
\[ \text{Vaccinated (Killed Purified Inactivated Virion)} \implies \text{Anti-Structural Antibodies ONLY} \]
\[ \text{Infected (Replicating Virus)} \implies \text{Anti-Structural } + \text{Anti-NSP (3ABC, 3D, 2C) Antibodies} \]
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
DIVA technology in Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) control:
1. Inactivated Vaccines: Prepared from purified, chemically binary ethyleneimine (BEI)-inactivated whole virions containing only structural capsid proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4); non-structural proteins (NSPs) are removed during purification.
2. Live Viral Infection: Active viral replication in host cells produces abundant Non-Structural Proteins (NSPs) like 3ABC, 3AB, 3D, and 2C, inducing strong anti-NSP antibody titers.
3. Therefore, NSP-based ELISA (e.g., 3ABC competitive ELISA) selectively detects anti-NSP antibodies in actively infected or carrier animals while remaining completely negative in vaccinated animals.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Therefore, NSP based ELISA is used for DIVA in FMD, corresponding to option (B).
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