The statement that is true for plasmids is: (A) Plasmids are widely used in gene transfer. Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA that can be found in many types of cells, including bacteria. They are often used in genetic engineering and biotechnology for gene transfer and as vectors to introduce specific genes into host organisms. The other statements are not accurate: (B) Plasmids are not found in viruses. They are typically found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic cells. (C) While plasmids can contain genes that provide certain advantages to the host cell, they do not necessarily contain genes for all vital activities. (D) Plasmids are separate from the main chromosomal DNA in a cell and are not considered a main part of the chromosome.
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| A. The Evil Quartet | III. Causes of biodiversity losses |
| B. Ex situ conservation | I. Cryopreservation |
| C. Lantana camara | II. Alien species invasion |
| D. Dodo | IV. Extinction |

Which of the following microbes is NOT involved in the preparation of household products?
A. \(\textit{Aspergillus niger}\)
B. \(\textit{Lactobacillus}\)
C. \(\textit{Trichoderma polysporum}\)
D. \(\textit{Saccharomyces cerevisiae}\)
E. \(\textit{Propionibacterium sharmanii}\)
A constant voltage of 50 V is maintained between the points A and B of the circuit shown in the figure. The current through the branch CD of the circuit is :
Which of the following statements are true?
A. Unlike Ga that has a very high melting point, Cs has a very low melting point.
B. On Pauling scale, the electronegativity values of N and C are not the same.
C. $Ar, K^{+}, Cl^{–}, Ca^{2+} and S^{2–}$ are all isoelectronic species.
D. The correct order of the first ionization enthalpies of Na, Mg, Al, and Si is Si $>$ Al $>$ Mg $>$ Na.
E. The atomic radius of Cs is greater than that of Li and Rb.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
AB is a part of an electrical circuit (see figure). The potential difference \(V_A - V_B\), at the instant when current \(i = 2\) A and is increasing at a rate of 1 amp/second is:
Enzymes are proteins that help accelerate metabolism or the chemical reactions in our bodies. They build some substances and decompose others. All living creatures have enzymes.
Our bodies naturally build enzymes. But enzymes are also in mass produce products and food.
One of the most important roles of enzymes is to succor digestion. The process of turning the food that we eat into energy is called digestion. For instance, there are enzymes in our saliva, pancreas, stomach, and intestines. They decompose fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Enzymes make use of these nutrients for growth and cell repair.