A physiological angle.
As a girl reaches puberty, her hypothalamus and pituitary gland begin signalling the ovaries to mature and start releasing hormones like estrogen, which in turn triggers the uterine lining to build up and then shed for the first time.
This first shedding, the first visible menstrual bleed, is the event that formally marks the start of the menstrual cycle, and it is given the specific name menarche.