What is a saccharide?
Solution and Explanation
Saccharides are the sugars or carbohydrates that are the essential components which serve as the main energy source, responsible for fueling many biochemical processes.
Saccharide molecules have a general formula as Cn(H2O)n. However, not all saccharides follow this formula, except simple sugars like glucose and fructose.
Saccharides are divided into 4 main groups based on the number of carbon atoms namely: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides, and Polysaccharides.
1. Monosaccharides: These are termed simple sugars and contain only one carbon atom. These types of saccharides experience no hydrolysis. Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.
2. Disaccharides: When two monosaccharide molecules join together by glycosidic bond, they are termed as disaccharides. The hydroxyl groups of the two saccharide molecules combine to produce glycosidic linkages. Examples: Lactose, Sucrose, Maltose.
3. Oligosaccharides: These types of saccharides are composed of more than 2 monosaccharide units. Examples: Raffinose. Repeating units of glucose, galactose, and fructose makeup raffinose.
4. Polysaccharides: These are complex carbohydrates containing hundreds of monosaccharide units. Polysaccharides are also termed as glycans. Just like disaccharides, monomeric units of polysaccharides are also linked together by glycosidic bonds—examples: Starch, Cellulose, and Glycogen.
Top Questions on DNA Replication
- Match List I with List II
List I List II A Frederick Griffith I Genetic code B Francois Jacob & Jacque II Semi-conservative mode of DNA replication C Har Gobind Khoran III Transformation D Meselson & Stahl IV Lac operon
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:- NEET (UG) - 2024
- Biology
- DNA Replication
- Match List-I with List-II:
List-1 (Scientists) List-II (Contribution) A Maxam-Gilbert I DNA polymerase isolation B Stanley Cohen II DNA sequencing C Kornberg III Genetic code D Har Gobind Khorana IV DNA cloning Choose the correct answer from the options given below
- CUET (PG) - 2023
- Zoology
- DNA Replication
- For DNA replication, which of the following statements are true?
A. Circular chromosome of E.coli replicates through multiple origin of replication.
B. In each linear chromosome of eukaryote, DNA replication begins when replication bubbles form at multiple sites along giant DNA molecule.
C. In each linear chromosome of eukaryote, DNA replication begins when replication bubbles form at single site along giant DNA molecule.
D. In circular chromosome of E.coli, one origin of replication is present.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below- CUET (PG) - 2023
- Zoology
- DNA Replication
- DNA sequence that changes its location on the genome is termed as
- WBJEE JENPAS UG - 2022
- Biology
- DNA Replication
- DNA replicates semiconservatively was first shown in:
- KCET - 2022
- Biology
- DNA Replication
Questions Asked in VITEEE exam
- Two identical blocks A and B, each of mass 'm' resting on a smooth floor are connected by a light spring of natural length L and spring constant K, with the spring at its natural length. A third identical block 'C' (mass m) moving with a speed v along the line joining A and B collides with A. the maximum compression in the spring is
- VITEEE - 2023
- work, energy and power
- Assertion :
The binding energy of the nucleus increases with the increase in atomic number.
Reason :
Heavier elements have a greater number of non-radioactive isotopes than radioactive isotopes. - The half-life of radioactive radon is 3.8 days. The time at the end of which \(\frac{1}{20}th\) of the Radon sample will remain undecayed is (given log10e=0.4343)
- Which element has more electron gain enthalpy among chalcogen group?
- VITEEE - 2022
- sulphur
- Coin is tossed till heads is obtained what is expectation of no. of coin tosses
- VITEEE - 2022
- Random Variables
Concepts Used:
discovery of dna
The discovery of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as the genetic material of living organisms is a significant milestone in the field of biology. The discovery of DNA can be attributed to several scientists whose work collectively contributed to our understanding of its structure and function.
In the early 20th century, several researchers began investigating the nature of inheritance and the transfer of genetic traits. One important figure in this field was Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk who conducted groundbreaking experiments with pea plants in the 1860s, laying the foundation for the study of genetics.
In the early 1950s, James Watson and Francis Crick, along with Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, made the breakthrough discovery of the structure of DNA. Their work was primarily based on X-ray crystallography images obtained by Franklin and Wilkins, which hinted at the helical structure of DNA.
Using Franklin's data and their own modeling experiments, Watson and Crick proposed the double-helix structure of DNA in 1953. They suggested that DNA is composed of two complementary strands wound around each other in a spiral staircase-like structure, with the bases adenine (A) pairing with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairing with cytosine (C).
This discovery provided insights into how genetic information is stored and transmitted from one generation to the next. It paved the way for a better understanding of DNA replication, protein synthesis, and the role of DNA in inheritance and evolution.
Watson, Crick, and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962 for their discoveries related to the structure of DNA. Unfortunately, Franklin, who made significant contributions to the field, passed away in 1958 and was therefore ineligible for the Nobel Prize.
The discovery of DNA revolutionized biology and has had far-reaching implications in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, forensics, and biotechnology. It has led to advancements in gene sequencing, genetic engineering, and the understanding of genetic diseases, ultimately shaping our knowledge of life itself.
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