Question

What are the products obtained on hydrolysis of sucrose ?

Hint:

Important hydrolysis products: Sucrose \(\rightarrow\) Glucose + Fructose Maltose \(\rightarrow\) Glucose + Glucose Lactose \(\rightarrow\) Glucose + Galactose

Answer 1

Concept: Sucrose is one of the most common naturally occurring carbohydrates. It is commonly known as cane sugar or table sugar. Sucrose belongs to the class of carbohydrates known as disaccharides because it is composed of two monosaccharide units linked together through a glycosidic bond. The two monosaccharide units present in sucrose are: \[ \alpha\text{-D-Glucose} \] and \[ \beta\text{-D-Fructose} \] When sucrose undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of dilute acids or the enzyme invertase, the glycosidic linkage breaks and the constituent monosaccharides are released.

Step 1: Understanding the composition of sucrose. Sucrose has the molecular formula \[ C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} \] It consists of one glucose unit and one fructose unit joined together by a glycosidic bond. Therefore, sucrose is classified as a disaccharide.

Step 2: Hydrolysis of sucrose. Hydrolysis involves the addition of a water molecule to break the glycosidic bond. The reaction can be represented as \[ C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_2O \longrightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + C_6H_{12}O_6 \] The products formed are glucose and fructose.

Step 3: Identifying the products. The first product is D-Glucose and the second product is D-Fructose Since equal amounts of glucose and fructose are obtained, the hydrolysis product is often called invert sugar.

Step 4: Writing the final answer. Hence, on hydrolysis, sucrose produces: \[ \boxed{\text{Glucose}} \] and \[ \boxed{\text{Fructose}} \]

Final Answer: \[ \boxed{ \text{Sucrose} \xrightarrow{\text{Hydrolysis}} \text{Glucose + Fructose} } \]