The $pH$ of $10^{-8}\, M \,HCl $ solution is
- 8
- more than 8
- between 6 and 7
- slightly more than 7
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
From $HCI, [H^+] = 1 \times 10 ^{-8}\, M $
Total $ {[H^+] = (1 \times 10^{-7} + 1 \times 10^{-8}}) }$M
$= (1 \times 10^{-7} + 0.1 \times 10^{-7} ) $M
$= 1.1 \times 10^{-7} $ M
$pH = - log (1.1 \times 10^{-7} )$ = 6.9586
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Concepts Used:
Acids and Bases
Acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. Base is an ion or molecule capable of accepting a hydrogen ion from acid.
Physical Properties of Acids and Bases
| Physical Properties | ACIDS | BASES |
| Taste | Sour | Bitter |
| Colour on Litmus paper | Turns blue litmus red | Turns red litmus blue |
| Ions produced on dissociation | H+ | OH- |
| pH | <7 (less than 7) | >7 (more than 7) |
| Strong acids | HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 | NaOH, KOH |
| Weak Acids | CH3COOH, H3PO4, H2CO3 | NH4OH |
Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases
| Type of Reaction | Acid | Bases |
| Reaction with Metals | Acid + Metal โ Salt + Hydrogen gas (H2) E.g., Zn(s)+ dil. H2SO4 โ ZnSO4 (Zinc Sulphate) + H2 | Base + Metal โ Salt + Hydrogen gas (H2) E.g., 2NaOH +Zn โ Na2ZnO2 (Sodium zincate) + H2 |
| Reaction with hydrogen carbonates (bicarbonate) and carbonates | Metal carbonate/Metal hydrogen carbonate + Acid โ Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water E.g., HCl+NaOH โ NaCl+ H2O 2. Na2CO3+ 2 HCl(aq) โ2NaCl(aq)+ H2O(l) + CO2(g) 3. Na2CO3+ 2H2SO4(aq) โ2Na2SO4(aq)+ H2O(l) + CO2(g) 4. NaHCO3+ HCl โ NaCl+ H2O+ CO2 | Base+ Carbonate/ bicarbonate โ No reaction |
| Neutralisation Reaction | Base + Acid โ Salt + Water E.g., NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) โ NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) | Base + Acid โ Salt + Water E.g., CaO+ HCl (l) โ CaCl2 (aq)+ H2O (l) |
| Reaction with Oxides | Metal oxide + Acid โ Salt + Water E.g., CaO+ HCl (l) โ CaCl2 (aq)+ H2O (l) | Non- Metallic oxide + Base โ Salt + Water E.g., Ca(OH)2+ CO2 โ CaCO3+ H2O |
| Dissolution in Water | Acid gives H+ ions in water. E.g., HCl โ H+ + Cl- HCl + H2O โ H3O+ + Clโ | Base gives OH- ions in water. |
Read more on Acids, Bases and Salts
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