Question:
The IUPAC name of tartaric acid is:
The IUPAC name of tartaric acid is:
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- 1,3-dihydroxybutane-1,4-dioic acid
- 2,3-dihydroxybutane-1,4-dioic acid
- 2,3-dihydroxy-4-butanoic acid
- 2,2-dihydroxy-4-butanoic acid
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The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
The correct option is (B): 2,3-dihydroxybutane-1,4-dioic acid.
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Approach Solution -2
Tartaric acid's structure is HOOC-CHOH-CHOH-COOH, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid with a hydroxyl group on each of the two middle carbons. Naming it correctly means numbering the chain, placing the two carboxylic acids at both ends, and locating the two hydroxyls precisely. Let's check each option against that structure.
- 1,3-dihydroxybutane-1,4-dioic acid: Placing a hydroxyl group at carbon 1 is not possible in this molecule, since carbon 1 already carries the carboxylic acid group as part of the "1,4-dioic acid" ending. A hydroxyl cannot also sit on that same fully substituted carbon, so this numbering is invalid for the actual structure.
- 2,3-dihydroxybutane-1,4-dioic acid: Numbering the four-carbon chain so the two carboxyl carbons are C1 and C4 (giving the "butane-1,4-dioic acid" backbone) leaves C2 and C3 as the two middle carbons, exactly where tartaric acid carries its hydroxyl groups. This matches the real structure, \(\text{HOOC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COOH}\), carbon for carbon.
- 2,3-dihydroxy-4-butanoic acid: "4-butanoic acid" is not valid IUPAC phrasing for a diacid; a four-carbon chain with acid groups on both ends must be named as a "dioic acid" with both positions (1,4) stated, not as a single "butanoic acid" with a stray locant. This naming pattern does not correctly describe a dicarboxylic acid at all.
- 2,2-dihydroxy-4-butanoic acid: Placing both hydroxyls on the same carbon (C2) would make that carbon a geminal diol, which is not tartaric acid's structure, and it repeats the same invalid "4-butanoic acid" ending as the option above.
Since tartaric acid's two carboxyl groups sit at both ends of the four-carbon chain and its two hydroxyls sit on the two middle carbons, the correct systematic name numbers it as a 1,4-dioic acid with hydroxyls at positions 2 and 3.
The correct answer is 2,3-dihydroxybutane-1,4-dioic acid.
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