Cuscuta, commonly known as dodder or strangle weed, is a parasitic plant that belongs to the family Cuscutaceae. It is a unique type of plant parasite that lacks chlorophyll and is unable to photosynthesize. Instead, it relies on other plants for its nutritional needs.
Cuscuta is considered an ectoparasite because it attaches itself to the host plant by winding its stem around the stems or branches of the host. It forms specialized structures called haustoria that penetrate the host's tissues to extract water, nutrients, and carbohydrates from the host's vascular system. The haustoria establish connections with the host's xylem and phloem, allowing the Cuscuta plant to directly obtain nutrients and water from the host plant.