Electronic configuration of $Cr=[Ar]3d^{5}\,4s^{1}$ Electronic configuration of $Cr^{+2}=[Ar]3d^{4}$ Number of unpaired electrons $= 4$ Spin only magnetic moment $=\sqrt{n\left(n+2\right)}BM $ as $n=4$ $\therefore\mu=\sqrt{4\left(4+2\right)}$ $=\sqrt{24}$ $=4.90\,BM$
Multiple oxidation states- The oxidation states of d block elements show very few energy gaps; therefore, they exhibit many oxidation states. Also, the energy difference between s and d orbital is very less. Therefore both the electrons are involved in ionic and covalent bond formation, which ultimately leads to multiple oxidation states.
Formation of complex compounds- Ligands show a binding behavior and can form so many stable complexes with the help of transition metals. This property is mainly due to:
Availability of vacant d orbitals.
Comparatively small sizes of metals.
Hardness- Transition elements are tough and have high densities because of the presence of unpaired electrons.
Melting and boiling points- Melting and boiling points of transition are very high because of the presence of unpaired electrons and partially filled d orbitals. They form strong bonds and have high melting and boiling points.
Atomic radii- The atomic and ionic radius of the transition elements decreases as we move from Group 3 to group 6. However, it remains the same between group 7 and group 10, and from group 11 to group 12 increases.
Ionization enthalpy- The ionization enthalpies of the transition elements are generally on the greater side as compared to the S block elements