Step 1: Understanding geitonogamy.
Geitonogamy refers to a type of pollination in which pollen from one flower is transferred to the stigma of another flower on the same plant. This involves pollination between different flowers but within the same plant. Thus, statement (a) is incorrect because it says that geitonogamy involves different flowers on different plants.
Step 2: Understanding the pollination in Vallisneria.
Vallisneria is an aquatic plant that relies on water for pollination. Its flowers are submerged underwater, and pollination occurs via water currents, making statement (b) correct.
Step 3: Understanding autogamy.
Autogamy is the process of self-pollination, where pollen from a flower pollinates the stigma of the same flower. Thus, statement (c) is correct.
Step 4: Conclusion.
The incorrect statement is (a), as geitonogamy involves pollination between different flowers on the same plant, not different plants.