Question

Read the following passage carefully and answer the question: 
The purpose of all rational human endeavour, individual as well as collective, is attainment of freedom, in ever increasing measure. Freedom is progressive disappearance of all restrictions on the unfolding of the potentialities of individuals, as human beings, and not as cogs in the wheels of a mechanized social organism. The position of the individual, therefore is the measure of the progressive and liberating significance of any collective effort or social organisation. The success of any collective endeavour is to be measured by the actual benefit for its constituent units. 
– M.N. Roy, ‘Principles of Radical Democracy 22 Theses”, in New Humanism: A Manifesto. 
Which among the following is/are in conformity with the above passage?

• A. Freedom can be measured by the degree to which individuals are free from constraints
• B. Individual liberty can be sacrificed for collective welfare
• C. The aims of a collective differ from that of individuals
• D. The success of a collective is to be measured by the advantages it confers on the individuals

Hint:

When interpreting philosophical texts, look for core values (like freedom, individuality, etc.) and match answer choices accordingly.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, D

Step 1: Analyze the central theme of the passage. 
M.N. Roy emphasizes that all collective and individual efforts should aim at freedom for individuals. Freedom is described as the removal of constraints that hinder human potential. 
Step 2: Match with statements. 
(A) Matches perfectly with Roy’s definition of freedom. 
(D) Conforms to the idea that the value of collective efforts lies in benefits to individuals. 
(B) Contradicts Roy’s focus on individual primacy. 
(C) Misrepresents the passage which views collectives as tools for individual growth.