Comprehension
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
International Organisations and Agreements in the Area of Food Standards, Quality, Research and Trade
Since ancient times, governing authorities the world over, have made attempts to develop and implement food standards in order to protect health of consumers and prevent dishonest practices in the sale of food. There have been several international organisations and agreements which have played a role in enhancing food safety, quality and security, facilitating research and trade. CAC is an intergovernmental body whose published document is a collection of internationally adopted Food Standards. The document includes Standards, Codes of practice, guidelines and other recommendations in order to protect consumers and ensure fair practices in food trade. Different countries use Codex Standards to develop national standards. The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) is a worldwide, non-governmental federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The mission of ISO is to promote the development of standardisation and related activities in the world with a view to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services, and to develop cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity. Adoption of these standards is voluntary. The main objective of WTO is to help trade flow smoothly, freely, fairly and predictably, by administering trade agreements, settling trade disputes, assisting countries in trade policy issues. HACCP is an approach to food manufacture and storage in which raw materials and each individual step in a specific process are considered in detail and evaluated for its potential to contribute to the development of pathogenic micro organisms or other food hazards.
International Organisations and Agreements in the Area of Food Standards, Quality, Research and Trade
Since ancient times, governing authorities the world over, have made attempts to develop and implement food standards in order to protect health of consumers and prevent dishonest practices in the sale of food. There have been several international organisations and agreements which have played a role in enhancing food safety, quality and security, facilitating research and trade. CAC is an intergovernmental body whose published document is a collection of internationally adopted Food Standards. The document includes Standards, Codes of practice, guidelines and other recommendations in order to protect consumers and ensure fair practices in food trade. Different countries use Codex Standards to develop national standards. The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) is a worldwide, non-governmental federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The mission of ISO is to promote the development of standardisation and related activities in the world with a view to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services, and to develop cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity. Adoption of these standards is voluntary. The main objective of WTO is to help trade flow smoothly, freely, fairly and predictably, by administering trade agreements, settling trade disputes, assisting countries in trade policy issues. HACCP is an approach to food manufacture and storage in which raw materials and each individual step in a specific process are considered in detail and evaluated for its potential to contribute to the development of pathogenic micro organisms or other food hazards.
Question: 1
Identify the main aim of Codex Alimentarius Commission.
Identify the main aim of Codex Alimentarius Commission.
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CAC aim = Consumer health protection + Fair practices in food trade.
WTO aim = Smooth, free, fair, and predictable international trade.
ISO mission = Worldwide standardization across technical domains.
WTO aim = Smooth, free, fair, and predictable international trade.
ISO mission = Worldwide standardization across technical domains.
Updated On: Sep 14, 2026
- To promote the development of standardisation and related activities in the world
- Establishing international standards to protect the health of the consumers and facilitate food and agricultural trade
- To help trade flow smoothly, freely, fairly and predictably
- To minimise or eliminate contamination and false labelling
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) is an international intergovernmental food standards body established jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1963.
Step 1: Reading from the Passage:
The passage states: “CAC is an intergovernmental body whose published document is a collection of internationally adopted Food Standards. The document includes Standards, Codes of practice, guidelines and other recommendations in order to protect consumers and ensure fair practices in food trade.”
Step 2: Evaluating the Options Against the Passage:
Option (A) is the specific mission of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO).
Option (B) directly reflects the core mandate of the CAC: establishing harmonized international food standards that protect consumer health while ensuring fair practices in the food and agricultural trade.
Option (C) describes the primary mandate of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Option (D) describes general food inspection guidelines.
Final Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is (B) Establishing international standards to protect the health of the consumers and facilitate food and agricultural trade.
The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) is an international intergovernmental food standards body established jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1963.
Step 1: Reading from the Passage:
The passage states: “CAC is an intergovernmental body whose published document is a collection of internationally adopted Food Standards. The document includes Standards, Codes of practice, guidelines and other recommendations in order to protect consumers and ensure fair practices in food trade.”
Step 2: Evaluating the Options Against the Passage:
Option (A) is the specific mission of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO).
Option (B) directly reflects the core mandate of the CAC: establishing harmonized international food standards that protect consumer health while ensuring fair practices in the food and agricultural trade.
Option (C) describes the primary mandate of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Option (D) describes general food inspection guidelines.
Final Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is (B) Establishing international standards to protect the health of the consumers and facilitate food and agricultural trade.
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Question: 2
______ is an international reference for quality requirements and is concerned with Quality Management of an organisation.
______ is an international reference for quality requirements and is concerned with Quality Management of an organisation.
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Remember key ISO series:
ISO 9000 = Quality Management
ISO 14000 = Environmental Management
ISO 22000 = Food Safety Management
ISO 9000 = Quality Management
ISO 14000 = Environmental Management
ISO 22000 = Food Safety Management
Updated On: Sep 14, 2026
- ISO 22000
- ISO 14000
- ISO 11000
- ISO 9000
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) publishes distinct series of international standards to address specific dimensions of organizational and industrial management.
Step 1: Analyzing the ISO 9000 Series:
ISO 9000 is an international reference series for quality requirements.
It deals specifically with Quality Management Systems (QMS) of an organization.
It ensures that an organization consistently satisfies customer requirements, meets statutory regulations, and achieves continual improvement in its processes.
Step 2: Analyzing Other ISO Standards:
- ISO 14000: Deals with Environmental Management Systems.
- ISO 22000: Deals specifically with Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS), combining HACCP with prerequisite programs.
- ISO 11000: Not a standard QMS series.
Step 3: Evaluating the Options:
General quality management of an organization corresponds to ISO 9000.
Final Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is (D) ISO 9000.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) publishes distinct series of international standards to address specific dimensions of organizational and industrial management.
Step 1: Analyzing the ISO 9000 Series:
ISO 9000 is an international reference series for quality requirements.
It deals specifically with Quality Management Systems (QMS) of an organization.
It ensures that an organization consistently satisfies customer requirements, meets statutory regulations, and achieves continual improvement in its processes.
Step 2: Analyzing Other ISO Standards:
- ISO 14000: Deals with Environmental Management Systems.
- ISO 22000: Deals specifically with Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS), combining HACCP with prerequisite programs.
- ISO 11000: Not a standard QMS series.
Step 3: Evaluating the Options:
General quality management of an organization corresponds to ISO 9000.
Final Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is (D) ISO 9000.
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Question: 3
Which Food Safety Management System involves identification of hazards, assessment of chances of occurrence of hazards during each step /stage in the food chain and defining measures for hazard(s) control?
Which Food Safety Management System involves identification of hazards, assessment of chances of occurrence of hazards during each step /stage in the food chain and defining measures for hazard(s) control?
Show Hint
HACCP = Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point.
It is a preventive, hazard-identifying system for every stage of food processing.
It is a preventive, hazard-identifying system for every stage of food processing.
Updated On: Sep 14, 2026
- GMP
- GHP
- ISO
- HACCP
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a preventive, risk-based approach to food safety that identifies biological, chemical, and physical hazards, and implements control measures at critical points during food manufacture.
Step 1: Reading from the Passage:
The passage specifies: “HACCP is an approach to food manufacture and storage in which raw materials and each individual step in a specific process are considered in detail and evaluated for its potential to contribute to the development of pathogenic micro organisms or other food hazards.”
Step 2: Understanding the HACCP Framework:
HACCP shifts food safety management from reactive end-product testing to proactive, preventive control.
It assesses the risk and severity of hazards at every stage of the food chain, determines Critical Control Points (CCPs), sets critical limits, monitors CCPs, and defines corrective actions.
Step 3: Analyzing Other Systems:
- GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) and GHP (Good Hygienic Practices) provide basic environmental and sanitation conditions required for safe food production.
- ISO is the broad standards organization.
Final Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is (D) HACCP.
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a preventive, risk-based approach to food safety that identifies biological, chemical, and physical hazards, and implements control measures at critical points during food manufacture.
Step 1: Reading from the Passage:
The passage specifies: “HACCP is an approach to food manufacture and storage in which raw materials and each individual step in a specific process are considered in detail and evaluated for its potential to contribute to the development of pathogenic micro organisms or other food hazards.”
Step 2: Understanding the HACCP Framework:
HACCP shifts food safety management from reactive end-product testing to proactive, preventive control.
It assesses the risk and severity of hazards at every stage of the food chain, determines Critical Control Points (CCPs), sets critical limits, monitors CCPs, and defines corrective actions.
Step 3: Analyzing Other Systems:
- GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) and GHP (Good Hygienic Practices) provide basic environmental and sanitation conditions required for safe food production.
- ISO is the broad standards organization.
Final Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is (D) HACCP.
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Question: 4
Adoption of ______ standards is voluntary and that the standards are reviewed every five years.
Adoption of ______ standards is voluntary and that the standards are reviewed every five years.
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ISO is a non-governmental federation whose standards are voluntary and undergo a mandatory periodic review every 5 years.
Updated On: Sep 14, 2026
- Codex
- FSSAI
- WTO
- ISO
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) develops non-binding international consensus standards covering industrial, agricultural, and commercial technologies.
Step 1: Reading from the Passage:
The passage notes: “The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) is a worldwide, non-governmental federation of national standards bodies... Adoption of these standards is voluntary.”
Step 2: Standard Review Cycle of ISO:
Under ISO governance regulations, all published standards are reviewed every five years.
This ensures they remain current, effective, and responsive to modern technological advancements and changing market conditions.
A standard may be confirmed, revised, or withdrawn during this periodic five-year review.
Step 3: Evaluating the Options:
- FSSAI standards are mandatory national regulatory laws in India.
- WTO enforces binding multilateral trade agreements rather than individual technical standards.
- Codex Alimentarius provides voluntary food standards, but the specific institutional framework having standard 5-year reviews highlighted in the curriculum text alongside ISO is ISO.
Final Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is (D) ISO.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) develops non-binding international consensus standards covering industrial, agricultural, and commercial technologies.
Step 1: Reading from the Passage:
The passage notes: “The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) is a worldwide, non-governmental federation of national standards bodies... Adoption of these standards is voluntary.”
Step 2: Standard Review Cycle of ISO:
Under ISO governance regulations, all published standards are reviewed every five years.
This ensures they remain current, effective, and responsive to modern technological advancements and changing market conditions.
A standard may be confirmed, revised, or withdrawn during this periodic five-year review.
Step 3: Evaluating the Options:
- FSSAI standards are mandatory national regulatory laws in India.
- WTO enforces binding multilateral trade agreements rather than individual technical standards.
- Codex Alimentarius provides voluntary food standards, but the specific institutional framework having standard 5-year reviews highlighted in the curriculum text alongside ISO is ISO.
Final Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is (D) ISO.
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Question: 5
Name the document published by the CAC which is a collection of internationally adopted Food Standards.
Name the document published by the CAC which is a collection of internationally adopted Food Standards.
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CAC = Codex Alimentarius Commission.
The document it produces is the Codex Alimentarius (Latin for “Food Code”).
The document it produces is the Codex Alimentarius (Latin for “Food Code”).
Updated On: Sep 14, 2026
- Food Standard
- International Code
- Codex Alimentarius
- International Code Document
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
The Codex Alimentarius Commission publishes a recognized compendium of internationally adopted food codes and standards to ensure consumer protection and fair international food trade.
Step 1: Understanding the Term Codex Alimentarius:
The term “Codex Alimentarius” is Latin for “Food Code”.
It comprises food standards covering commodities, codes of hygienic practice, pesticide and veterinary drug residue limits, and food additive specifications.
Step 2: Reference in the Passage:
The passage states: “CAC is an intergovernmental body whose published document is a collection of internationally adopted Food Standards. The document includes Standards, Codes of practice, guidelines and other recommendations... Different countries use Codex Standards to develop national standards.”
This published document is called the Codex Alimentarius.
Step 3: Evaluating the Options:
Option (C) correctly names this internationally accepted compendium.
Final Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is (C) Codex Alimentarius.
The Codex Alimentarius Commission publishes a recognized compendium of internationally adopted food codes and standards to ensure consumer protection and fair international food trade.
Step 1: Understanding the Term Codex Alimentarius:
The term “Codex Alimentarius” is Latin for “Food Code”.
It comprises food standards covering commodities, codes of hygienic practice, pesticide and veterinary drug residue limits, and food additive specifications.
Step 2: Reference in the Passage:
The passage states: “CAC is an intergovernmental body whose published document is a collection of internationally adopted Food Standards. The document includes Standards, Codes of practice, guidelines and other recommendations... Different countries use Codex Standards to develop national standards.”
This published document is called the Codex Alimentarius.
Step 3: Evaluating the Options:
Option (C) correctly names this internationally accepted compendium.
Final Answer:
Therefore, the correct answer is (C) Codex Alimentarius.
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