Comprehension
Read the following passage and answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate answer.
The Story of Coffee
Coffee, a beloved beverage enjoyed by millions around the globe, has a rich and captivating history that spans centuries. The story of coffee begins in the ancient highlands of Ethiopia, where, according to legend, a goat herder named Kaldi discovered the stimulating effects of coffee beans. One day, Kaldi noticed his goats frolicking with unusual energy after eating red berries from a certain tree. Curious, he tried the berries himself and experienced a newfound alertness. This discovery soon spread to monasteries, where monks used it to stay awake during long hours of prayer. From Ethiopia, coffee cultivation and consumption spread to the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Yemen, where the practice of roasting coffee beans and brewing the drink began to take shape. By the 15th century, coffee had become a popular beverage in the Islamic world, with coffee houses known as ‘qahveh khaneh’ emerging as social hubs for conversation, music, and intellectual exchange. These coffee houses became centers of culture and commerce, influencing the spread of coffee to Turkey and beyond, eventually reaching Europe. In Europe, coffee initially faced resistance from religious authorities who considered it a ‘Muslim drink’ and tried to ban it. However, its popularity persisted, and by the 17th century, coffee houses had sprung up in major European cities, becoming important gathering places for artists, writers, and thinkers. The stimulating effects of coffee were embraced during the Age of Enlightenment, where it was seen as a catalyst for intellectual discussion and innovation. The journey of coffee continued with the establishment of colonial plantations in tropical regions such as the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Southeast Asia. These plantations fuelled the global demand for coffee, transforming it from a regional specialty to a major commodity. The industrial revolution further accelerated coffee production and consumption, leading to innovations in coffee brewing methods and the development of instant coffee. In the modern era, coffee has evolved into a deeply ingrained part of daily life for people worldwide. Its cultural significance spans from the bustling cafes of Paris to the quiet coffee farms of Colombia. Today, coffee remains not only a popular beverage but also a symbol of social interaction, productivity, and enjoyment. Whether sipped slowly over a conversation with friends or grabbed hastily on the way to work, the story of coffee continues to unfold, intertwining with the histories and cultures of countless societies across the globe.
The Story of Coffee
Coffee, a beloved beverage enjoyed by millions around the globe, has a rich and captivating history that spans centuries. The story of coffee begins in the ancient highlands of Ethiopia, where, according to legend, a goat herder named Kaldi discovered the stimulating effects of coffee beans. One day, Kaldi noticed his goats frolicking with unusual energy after eating red berries from a certain tree. Curious, he tried the berries himself and experienced a newfound alertness. This discovery soon spread to monasteries, where monks used it to stay awake during long hours of prayer. From Ethiopia, coffee cultivation and consumption spread to the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Yemen, where the practice of roasting coffee beans and brewing the drink began to take shape. By the 15th century, coffee had become a popular beverage in the Islamic world, with coffee houses known as ‘qahveh khaneh’ emerging as social hubs for conversation, music, and intellectual exchange. These coffee houses became centers of culture and commerce, influencing the spread of coffee to Turkey and beyond, eventually reaching Europe. In Europe, coffee initially faced resistance from religious authorities who considered it a ‘Muslim drink’ and tried to ban it. However, its popularity persisted, and by the 17th century, coffee houses had sprung up in major European cities, becoming important gathering places for artists, writers, and thinkers. The stimulating effects of coffee were embraced during the Age of Enlightenment, where it was seen as a catalyst for intellectual discussion and innovation. The journey of coffee continued with the establishment of colonial plantations in tropical regions such as the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Southeast Asia. These plantations fuelled the global demand for coffee, transforming it from a regional specialty to a major commodity. The industrial revolution further accelerated coffee production and consumption, leading to innovations in coffee brewing methods and the development of instant coffee. In the modern era, coffee has evolved into a deeply ingrained part of daily life for people worldwide. Its cultural significance spans from the bustling cafes of Paris to the quiet coffee farms of Colombia. Today, coffee remains not only a popular beverage but also a symbol of social interaction, productivity, and enjoyment. Whether sipped slowly over a conversation with friends or grabbed hastily on the way to work, the story of coffee continues to unfold, intertwining with the histories and cultures of countless societies across the globe.
Question: 1
What did Kaldi observe that led to the discovery of coffee?
What did Kaldi observe that led to the discovery of coffee?
Updated On: Dec 10, 2024
- Monks brewing coffee in a monastery
- Goats eating red berries and becoming energetic
- Coffee beans being roasted in a coffee house
- Coffee plantations being established
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Kaldi, a goat herder, noticed his goats becoming energetic after eating red berries from a particular tree. This led to the discovery of coffee’s stimulating effects.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (B).
Thus, the correct answer is Option (B).
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Question: 2
How did the Industrial Revolution impact coffee consumption?
How did the Industrial Revolution impact coffee consumption?
Updated On: Dec 10, 2024
- It led to the decline of coffee popularity
- It resulted in the establishment of coffee plantations in Europe
- It accelerated coffee production and introduced new brewing methods
- It made coffee an exclusive drink for the wealthy
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The Industrial Revolution led to faster production and new innovations in brewing methods, including the creation of instant coffee.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (C).
Thus, the correct answer is Option (C).
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Question: 3
Consider the following statement - Coffee originated in Ethiopia and quickly spread to the Arabian Peninsula and beyond, where it became popular. Which of the following best supports the statement?
Consider the following statement - Coffee originated in Ethiopia and quickly spread to the Arabian Peninsula and beyond, where it became popular. Which of the following best supports the statement?
Updated On: Dec 10, 2024
- Coffee houses transformed into vital centers of cultural exchange and economic activity within the Islamic world
- Monastic communities utilized coffee as a means to enhance concentration during extended periods of prayer
- The invigorating properties of coffee gained significant appreciation among intellectuals during the Age of Enlightenment
- The dissemination of coffee from Ethiopia catalyzed its cultivation across various regions, including Turkey and Europe
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
The passage highlights how coffee spread from Ethiopia to the Arabian Peninsula, Turkey, and Europe, influencing cultivation in multiple regions.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (D).
Thus, the correct answer is Option (D).
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Question: 4
Statement 1: The introduction of coffee to the European market was met with immediate acceptance and no resistance from religious authorities.
Statement 2: The cultural significance of coffee houses in Europe during the Age of Enlightenment extended beyond mere beverage consumption to become venues for political and philosophical discourse.
Statement 1: The introduction of coffee to the European market was met with immediate acceptance and no resistance from religious authorities.
Statement 2: The cultural significance of coffee houses in Europe during the Age of Enlightenment extended beyond mere beverage consumption to become venues for political and philosophical discourse.
Statement 2: The cultural significance of coffee houses in Europe during the Age of Enlightenment extended beyond mere beverage consumption to become venues for political and philosophical discourse.
Updated On: Dec 10, 2024
- Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true
- Statement 1 is true, but Statement 2 is false
- Statement 1 is false, but Statement 2 is true
- Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are false
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Statement 1 is false because coffee faced initial resistance from religious authorities in Europe. Statement 2 is true because coffee houses became important centers for intellectual discussions.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (C).
Thus, the correct answer is Option (C).
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Question: 5
What does the phrase ‘emerging as social hubs’ mean in the context of the passage?
What does the phrase ‘emerging as social hubs’ mean in the context of the passage?
Updated On: Dec 10, 2024
- Gradually becoming popular locations for individual study and reflection
- Gradually becoming isolated areas with limited social activity and interaction
- Transforming into commercial businesses with some community involvement
- Developing into centers for community interaction and cultural exchange
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
The phrase refers to coffee houses transforming into gathering places for people to engage in social interaction, music, and intellectual discussions.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (D).
Thus, the correct answer is Option (D).
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Question: 6
Which of the following words is a synonym for “cultivation” as used in the context of the passage?
Which of the following words is a synonym for “cultivation” as used in the context of the passage?
Updated On: Dec 10, 2024
- Development
- Tending
- Growth
- Destruction
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
“Cultivation” in the passage refers to the development of coffee cultivation into a major global commodity, not just its physical growth.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (A).
Thus, the correct answer is Option (A).
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Question: 7
Which among the following sentences uses the word ‘frolicking’ in the same sense as used in the passage?
Which among the following sentences uses the word ‘frolicking’ in the same sense as used in the passage?
Updated On: Dec 10, 2024
- The athletes were frolicking about their training regimen before the competition
- The children were frolicking along the beach, their joy palpable in the cool evening air
- She found the frolicking music to be very relaxing during her study session
- The artist spent the afternoon frolicking with her paintbrushes on the canvas
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
“Frolicking” in the passage refers to lively, energetic movement, similar to the joy expressed in the sentence about the children on the beach.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (B).
Thus, the correct answer is Option (B).
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Question: 8
Statement 1: The spread of coffee cultivation in tropical regions was solely driven by domestic consumption in Ethiopia.
Statement 2: The global demand for coffee prompted the establishment of plantations in various parts of the world, significantly influencing trade patterns.
Statement 1: The spread of coffee cultivation in tropical regions was solely driven by domestic consumption in Ethiopia.
Statement 2: The global demand for coffee prompted the establishment of plantations in various parts of the world, significantly influencing trade patterns.
Statement 2: The global demand for coffee prompted the establishment of plantations in various parts of the world, significantly influencing trade patterns.
Updated On: Dec 10, 2024
- Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true
- Statement 1 is true, but Statement 2 is false
- Statement 1 is false, but Statement 2 is true
- Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are false
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect because coffee spread beyond Ethiopia due to global demand. Statement 2 is correct as the global demand led to coffee plantations worldwide.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (C).
Thus, the correct answer is Option (C).
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Question: 9
What factors contributed to the transformation of coffee from a regional specialty to a major global commodity?
What factors contributed to the transformation of coffee from a regional specialty to a major global commodity?
Updated On: Dec 10, 2024
- The establishment of colonial plantations and the growing global demand for coffee
- The initial rejection of coffee by European consumers and its subsequent revival
- The decrease in the prominence of coffee houses and a transition to home brewing
- The popularity of instant coffee and a growing preference for tea instead of coffee
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
The transformation of coffee into a global commodity was driven by colonial plantations and the rising global demand for coffee.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (A).
Thus, the correct answer is Option (A).
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Question: 10
In what ways has coffee maintained its cultural significance in modern society?
In what ways has coffee maintained its cultural significance in modern society?
Updated On: Dec 10, 2024
- Coffee is only enjoyed in traditional ceremonies and has lost its daily appeal
- Coffee is now primarily consumed in fast food chains, diminishing its cultural role
- Coffee has become a luxury item, only accessible to wealthy consumers
- Coffee remains a popular beverage and symbolizes social interaction
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Coffee continues to be a widely enjoyed beverage, playing a key role in social gatherings and cultural practices.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (D).
Thus, the correct answer is Option (D).
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Top Questions on Reading Comprehension
- Read the excerpt from a Handicrafts Manual: ‘Advanced Knitting Techniques’ and answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate answer.
THE FAIR ISLE METHOD: Fair Isle knitting is a traditional technique that involves using two or more colours of yarn in a single row to create intricate patterns and designs. This method requires careful tension management to ensure even stitches and prevent puckering. To begin, select your colours and cast on the desired number of stitches. As you knit, alternate between colours every few stitches, carrying the unused yarn along the back of the work. Mastering the Fair Isle technique allows you to create stunning visual effects in garments, accessories, and home textiles.
THE CONTINENTAL STYLE: The Continental knitting style, often referred to as “picking,” involves holding the yarn in the left hand while the right hand manipulates the needles. This method allows for greater speed and efficiency, particularly when working with complex patterns or multiple colours. To practice this style, start by casting on your stitches and using your left hand to tension the yarn. With each stitch, simply “pick” the yarn with your right needle, forming a quick and fluid motion. As you become comfortable with this technique, you may find that your overall knitting speed and comfort improve significantly.
THE SHORT-ROW TECHNIQUE: Short-row knitting is an advanced technique that allows for the creation of shaped garments, such as sleeves and shoulders, without the need for complex shaping. To make a sleeve using this technique, begin by casting on the required number of stitches. Work a portion of the row, then turn your work and return without completing the full row to create the “short rows” that shape the curves of the sleeve. To prevent holes at the turn, wrap the stitch before you turn your work. Repeat this process as needed to achieve the desired shaping and dimension of the sleeve. Once you have shaped the sleeve, you can then sew the side seams to connect the pieces of your garment and finally, complete the edges to ensure a clean finish. This method not only helps shape curves but also adds dimension to your piece, allowing you to enhance fit and style.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
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The intricate world of modern manufacturing is a web of precision and innovation, where even the tiniest components play a pivotal role. One such element, often overlooked but crucial, is the sub-subpart. Whether it’s a carpenter fashioning a bespoke piece of furniture or an automobile engineer designing the next generation of vehicles, the creation of sub-subparts is a fundamental process that demands meticulous craftsmanship and cutting-edge technology. In the realm of woodworking, carpenters frequently work with sub-subparts like dowels, screws, and hinges. These minute components may appear insignificant, yet they determine the structural integrity and functionality of the final product. Crafting a dowel, for instance, begins with selecting the appropriate wood species, followed by precision cutting and shaping. The result is a perfectly cylindrical, sturdy sub-subpart that seamlessly joins two larger pieces of wood. The advent of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines has revolutionised this process, enabling carpenters to create sub-subparts with unparalleled precision.
Similarly, in the automobile industry, sub-subparts are the unsung heroes of vehicle construction. Take, for instance, the ball bearing—a minuscule but essential component in the wheels and transmission system. Manufacturing these precision-engineered spheres involves intricate processes like forging, heat treatment, and precision machining. Modern techniques such as laser cutting and 3D printing have streamlined production, ensuring that these sub-subparts meet the demanding standards of the automotive sector. The manufacturing of sub-subparts is a testament to the convergence of traditional craftsmanship and cutting-edge technology. Whether it’s a carpenter’s workshop or a high-tech automotive assembly line, the quest for perfection in sub-subpart creation remains unwavering. The attention to detail and precision required in these processes is a testament to the dedication of craftsmen and engineers alike.
To conclude, while sub-subparts may be small in size, their significance in various industries cannot be overstated. Whether it’s a carpenter working on a timeless piece of furniture or an automotive engineer striving for superior performance, the manufacturing of sub-subparts is a crucial step towards achieving excellence in craftsmanship and technology. This fusion of tradition and innovation accentuates the essence of modern manufacturing.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
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\(\text{The Politics of Change}\) \(\text{The Change in Politics}\) \(\text{Politics and Change:}\) A Global Perspective} In "The Politics of Change," political analyst Dr. Emily Harper examines the dynamics of social movements and their impact on policy reform. Through detailed case studies, she explores how grassroots organizations, protests, and advocacy campaigns shape public opinion and influence lawmakers. Dr. Harper provides insights into the strategies that successful movements employ and discusses the challenges they face in a complex political landscape. She discusses key strategies, such as coalition-building, media engagement, and the use of digital platforms to amplify voices. This book by veteran journalist Mark Stevens investigates the shifting political landscape in the 21st century. Focusing on major elections, emerging political parties, and the role of social media, Stevens analyzes how technology and demographics are transforming political engagement and voter behaviour. Through interviews with political leaders, campaign strategists, and everyday voters, Stevens uncovers how demographic shifts and technological advancements are reshaping political discourse in urban areas. He analyzes the implications of these changes for traditional political institutions and explores how movements like #MeToo and Black Lives Matter have disrupted conventional narratives. In this insightful work, international relations scholar Dr. Anika Patel presents a global analysis of political change across various regions. She explores the factors that drive political transitions, including economic shifts, cultural movements, and international influences. Dr. Patel emphasizes the interconnectedness of global politics and how local changes can have far-reaching implications. She analyzes various factors driving political transitions, including economic upheaval, cultural shifts, and the impact of globalization. She provides case studies from diverse regions, such as the Arab Spring, democratic movements in Latin America, and shifts in power in Asia. The book serves as a vital resource for understanding the complexities of political evolution in a rapidly changing world. - AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
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Since reproductive success is the most critical factor in the sustainability of any species, the extent of this threat to marine life and genetic diversity can hardly be overstated. After several months in hypoxic waters, female fish produce fewer eggs. Moreover, hypoxic conditions serve to alter the normal ratio between two particular hormones manufactured during the embryonic stage when a fish's gender is determined. During gestation and under these conditions, the mother produces more testosterone (and less estradiol), which inhibits the development of female reproductive organs and other female characteristics in the embryo, while promoting the development of male traits.
The implications of declining oxygen levels extend beyond individual species to entire ecosystems. Marine biodiversity is at risk as species that cannot adapt to hypoxic conditions may face extinction, leading to a cascade of effects throughout the food web. Predators may struggle to find adequate prey, while other marine organisms, such as coral reefs, which rely on healthy fish populations for symbiotic relationships, may also deteriorate. The loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystem services that are essential for human communities, including fisheries, tourism, and coastal protection.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
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The rise of renewable energy sources has become a crucial topic in the global fight against climate change. Solar and wind power, in particular, have gained traction due to their ability to provide clean energy while reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Governments worldwide are investing in technology to enhance energy efficiency and storage solutions, aiming to create a more sustainable energy landscape.
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Questions Asked in AILET exam
- Issue: Is football the most popular sport in the world?
Argument 1: Yes, Football World Cup (FIFA) have over five times global viewership as compared to Formula 1 Grand Prix (Car racing) or the Wimbledon Championships (Tennis).
Argument 2: Yes, Lionel Messi is the most followed footballer across social media platforms.
Argument 3: No, the Cricket World Cup has been the most profitable sports event worldwide for the last three decades.
Choose the most appropriate answer:- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
- Statements and Arguments
- Vinay is trying to decide the sequence in which to watch the following movies –Sholay (SH), RRR, Slumdog Millionaire (SM), PK and Dangal (DL). The sequence must adhere to the following conditions:
I. SH and DL must not immediately precede or follow each other.
II. RRR must go after SM.
III. PK cannot be the first or the last movie.
IV. DL must necessarily be one removed from SM.
Which of the following is a valid sequence? - Sanjana is attempting to create an exercise plan for a 5-day week. She has decided on the following exercises – A, X, B, Y, C, in accordance with the following conditions.
I. A and Y cannot be on the consecutive days
II. C must always be followed by B
III. B and A cannot be done on alternate days
IV. X cannot be done on the first day of the week
V. No exercise can be repeated in the week
Which of the following is a valid plan? - Assertion: The rise of OTT platforms is challenging the traditional movie theatre business.
Argument 1: OTT platforms and traditional movie theatre present completely different experience and therefore are unlikely to affect each other.
Argument 2: OTT platforms ensure instant availability of diverse content, which a traditional movie theatre cannot emulate.
Choose the most appropriate answer:- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
- Statements and Arguments
- All Rabbits are Sleepers. All Tortoise paints. Some Rabbits are Tortoise. Siri is a Rabbit. Examine the following statements:
I. Siri paints
II. Siri does not paint
III. Siri is a Sleeper
IV. Siri is not a Sleeper
V. Siri is a Tortoise
VI. Siri is not a Tortoise
Choose the most appropriate answer:
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