Question:
Match the items in List-I with the items in List-II:
Match the items in List-I with the items in List-II:
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Key Anthropological Theories of Religion:
- Animism (E.B. Tylor): Belief in personal spirits/souls.
- Manaism (R.R. Marett): Belief in impersonal supernatural power (mana).
- Totemism (Émile Durkheim): Clan emblem and collective social representation.
- Taboo: Polynesian prohibition (tapu).
- Animism (E.B. Tylor): Belief in personal spirits/souls.
- Manaism (R.R. Marett): Belief in impersonal supernatural power (mana).
- Totemism (Émile Durkheim): Clan emblem and collective social representation.
- Taboo: Polynesian prohibition (tapu).
Updated On: Sep 4, 2026
- (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
- (A) - (I), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (IV)
- (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
- (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
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Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
Anthropology of religion analyzes the origin, structural forms, and symbolic expressions of supernatural belief systems in human societies.
Nineteenth- and early twentieth-century theorists proposed various concepts to classify the elemental forms of religious life.
This question requires matching key anthropological terms of religious phenomena with their standard theoretical definitions.
Step 1: Analyzing Individual Concepts and Definitions:
1. Taboo (A): Derived from the Polynesian term tapu, it denotes a sacred or ritual prohibition against touching, consuming, or interacting with specific persons, objects, or places. Thus, (A) corresponds to (I).
2. Animism (B): Proposed by Sir Edward Burnett Tylor in Primitive Culture (1871) as the earliest stage of religion, defined as the belief in spiritual beings, souls, and ghosts animating nature. Thus, (B) corresponds to (II).
3. Totemism (C): Analyzed extensively by Émile Durkheim, totemism involves a mystical or genealogical relationship between a clan and an animal, plant, or natural object, serving as the collective representation and sacred emblem of the social group. Thus, (C) corresponds to (IV).
4. Manaism (D): Formulated by R.R. Marett as "animatism" or pre-animistic religion, based on the Melanesian/Polynesian concept of mana—an all-pervasive, impersonal supernatural force residing in persons, animals, and inanimate objects. Thus, (D) corresponds to (III).
Step 2: Structuring the Correct Matching:
Matching the concepts yields:
(A) $\rightarrow$ (I), (B) $\rightarrow$ (II), (C) $\rightarrow$ (IV), (D) $\rightarrow$ (III).
Step 3: Final Answer:
This combination corresponds to Option (C).
Anthropology of religion analyzes the origin, structural forms, and symbolic expressions of supernatural belief systems in human societies.
Nineteenth- and early twentieth-century theorists proposed various concepts to classify the elemental forms of religious life.
This question requires matching key anthropological terms of religious phenomena with their standard theoretical definitions.
Step 1: Analyzing Individual Concepts and Definitions:
1. Taboo (A): Derived from the Polynesian term tapu, it denotes a sacred or ritual prohibition against touching, consuming, or interacting with specific persons, objects, or places. Thus, (A) corresponds to (I).
2. Animism (B): Proposed by Sir Edward Burnett Tylor in Primitive Culture (1871) as the earliest stage of religion, defined as the belief in spiritual beings, souls, and ghosts animating nature. Thus, (B) corresponds to (II).
3. Totemism (C): Analyzed extensively by Émile Durkheim, totemism involves a mystical or genealogical relationship between a clan and an animal, plant, or natural object, serving as the collective representation and sacred emblem of the social group. Thus, (C) corresponds to (IV).
4. Manaism (D): Formulated by R.R. Marett as "animatism" or pre-animistic religion, based on the Melanesian/Polynesian concept of mana—an all-pervasive, impersonal supernatural force residing in persons, animals, and inanimate objects. Thus, (D) corresponds to (III).
Step 2: Structuring the Correct Matching:
Matching the concepts yields:
(A) $\rightarrow$ (I), (B) $\rightarrow$ (II), (C) $\rightarrow$ (IV), (D) $\rightarrow$ (III).
Step 3: Final Answer:
This combination corresponds to Option (C).
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