• The Indus Valley Civilization is known for its sophisticated urban planning and specialized regional activities.
• Archaeological excavations at various sites have revealed unique architectural features and evidence of economic specialization.
• Distinctive characteristics like the Great Bath or specialized craft production help identify the function of different Harappan urban centers.
Step 1: Matching water management and ceremonial features
Dholavira, located in Gujarat, is famous for its unique water management system.
Excavations there have revealed large water reservoirs that were used for storing water, likely for agricultural or urban needs.
Mohenjodaro is best known for its "Great Bath," a large rectangular tank in a courtyard surrounded by a corridor on all four sides, which was likely used for special ritual baths. Step 2: Matching agricultural and industrial evidence
At Kalibangan in Rajasthan, archaeologists found evidence of a ploughed field, which is one of the earliest examples of agricultural technology in the Indian subcontinent.
This field had two sets of furrows at right angles to each other, suggesting that two different crops were grown together. Step 3: Identifying specialized production centers
Nageshwar (and Balakot) were specialized centers for making shell objects, including bangles, ladles, and inlay work.
These sites were situated near the coast, providing easy access to raw materials for craft production.
Therefore, the correct mapping is a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii.
