Question

In what language did the Alvars and Nayanars compose their hymns?

• A. Tamil
• B. Hindi
• C. Telugu
• D. Sanskrit

Hint:

To remember this, associate the "Tamil Veda" (Nalayira Divya Prabandham) with the Alvars. Since they are the pioneers of South Indian Bhakti, the language is naturally Tamil.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: The Alvars and Nayanars were instrumental in the early Bhakti movement in South India (roughly between the 6th and 9th centuries CE). Key historical details:
• Alvars: Devotees of Lord Vishnu. There were 12 Alvars who composed the Nalayira Divya Prabandham.
• Nayanars: Devotees of Lord Shiva. There were 63 Nayanars whose hymns were later compiled into the Tevaram and Tirumurai.

Step 1: Identifying the Linguistic Context.
The Bhakti movement in the South was characterized by a shift from elite Sanskrit to regional vernaculars to make spiritual teachings accessible to the common masses, regardless of caste. The Alvars and Nayanars originated in the Tamil-speaking regions of South India.

Step 2: Literary Significance.
Their compositions are regarded as the "Tamil Veda." By using the Tamil language, they were able to spread their message of personal devotion (bhakti) to people from all walks of life, including artisans and cultivators who did not know Sanskrit.