Question

If each of the following is represented with the help of concentric circles, what would be the correct sequence from outer to the inner circle? \[ \text{A. Deductive} \] \[ \text{B. Sound} \] \[ \text{C. Argument} \] \[ \text{D. Valid} \]

• A. A, B, C, D
• B. B, C, A, D
• C. C, B, D, A
• D. C, A, D, B

Hint:

Hierarchy: \[ Argument \supset Deductive \supset Valid \supset Sound \]

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Concept:
In logic, all sound arguments are valid, all valid arguments are deductive, and all deductive arguments are arguments. So, the largest class is: \[ \text{Argument} \]

Step 1: Identify the outermost circle.
The broadest category is: \[ C = \text{Argument} \]

Step 2: Inside argument comes deductive argument.
Deductive arguments are a type of argument. So: \[ A = \text{Deductive} \]

Step 3: Inside deductive comes valid.
A valid argument is a deductive argument whose conclusion follows logically from the premises. So: \[ D = \text{Valid} \]

Step 4: Inside valid comes sound.
A sound argument is a valid argument with true premises. So: \[ B = \text{Sound} \] Thus, the order from outer to inner circle is: \[ C \rightarrow A \rightarrow D \rightarrow B \] Hence: \[ \boxed{\text{(D) C, A, D, B}} \]