Question

GIFT tilapia was produced by which of the following?

• A. Hybridization
• B. Selective breeding
• C. Back crossing
• D. Ploidy

Hint:

GIFT = Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia.
Key technique: Selective Breeding (Family selection).
Target Species: Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question explores the genetic methodology used to develop the GIFT (Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia) strain.
Detailed Explanation:

• Origin of GIFT: The GIFT project was a landmark international collaboration led by WorldFish (then ICLARM) starting in 19 The goal was to develop a high-yielding strain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

• Methodology: The strain was developed using systematic selective breeding (specifically family-based selection). Researchers collected different wild and farmed strains of Nile tilapia from Africa and Asia, crossed them to create a diverse founder population, and then performed multiple generations of selection for faster growth and better survival.

• Results: GIFT tilapia grows approximately 60% to 85% faster than the original founder strains and has a better survival rate. It has been widely distributed to many developing countries (including India) to enhance food security.

• Distinction: Unlike some other improved strains, GIFT is not a "hybrid" (it is pure O. niloticus) nor is it a genetically modified organism (GMO); it was produced through traditional selection techniques.

Step 3: Final Answer:
GIFT tilapia was produced through selective breeding.