Explain the significance of petroleum as major source of energy and describe its distribution in India.
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Mumbai High accounts for the largest share of India's domestic oil production.
Solution and Explanation
• Petroleum (crude oil) is an essential liquid mineral used for both energy and as a raw material for various industries.
• It is often called "Black Gold" due to its immense economic value.
• In India, petroleum is found in sedimentary basins associated with the tertiary period.
Step 1: Significance of Petroleum as an Energy Source and Raw Material
• It provides fuel for all internal combustion engines in road, rail, and air transport.
• It is a concentrated source of energy that is easily portable via pipelines or tankers.
• It serves as a vital lubricant for all types of industrial machinery.
• It acts as the primary raw material for the petrochemical industry, producing fertilizers, synthetic fibers, plastics, and medicines.
Step 2: Distribution of Petroleum in India
• Western Offshore: The largest producer is Mumbai High, followed by the Bassein field.
• Gujarat: Major fields include Ankaleshwar (the most important), Kalol, and Mehsana.
• Assam: The oldest oil-producing state. Major fields are Digboi, Naharkatiya, and Moran-Hugrijan.
• Eastern Coast: New discoveries have been made in the Krishna-Godavari (KG) and Kaveri basins.
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