Concept:
The Table of Precedence is a protocol list in which the functionaries and authorities are listed according to their rank and order in the Government of India. It is maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Step 1: Identifying Individual Ranks.
Based on the official Table of Precedence:
• E. Governors of states (within their respective states): Rank 4
• C. Chief Justice of India: Rank 6 (along with the Speaker of Lok Sabha)
• B. Former Prime Ministers: Rank 7
• D. Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG): Rank 9 (along with the CEC and UPSC Chairman)
• A. Cabinet Secretary: Rank 11
Step 2: Arranging in Hierarchical Order.
By sorting these from the highest rank (lowest number) to the lowest rank (highest number):
• E (4) $\rightarrow$ C (6) $\rightarrow$ B (7) $\rightarrow$ D (9) $\rightarrow$ A (11)
Step 3: Matching with Options.
The sequence E, C, B, D, A corresponds perfectly with Option (2). Note that Governors are considered "Heads of State" within their own territory, which places them very high in the protocol, just below the President, Vice-President, and Prime Minister.