Question:
Arrange the following in the chronological order of their coming into existence:
A. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act (PPV&FR Act)
B. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
C. The Indian Patents Act
D. International Convention of the Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV)
Arrange the following in the chronological order of their coming into existence:
A. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act (PPV&FR Act)
B. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
C. The Indian Patents Act
D. International Convention of the Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV)
A. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act (PPV&FR Act)
B. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
C. The Indian Patents Act
D. International Convention of the Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV)
Show Hint
Key years to memorize for agricultural IPR:
- UPOV: 1961
- Patents Act (India): 1970
- CBD: 1992
- PPV&FR Act (India): 2001
- UPOV: 1961
- Patents Act (India): 1970
- CBD: 1992
- PPV&FR Act (India): 2001
Updated On: Aug 13, 2026
- D, C, B, A
- B, A, D, C
- C, D, B, A
- A, B, C, D
Show Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Intellectual property rights (IPR) in agriculture and plant breeding have evolved through international treaties and national legislations to balance breeder rights, biodiversity conservation, and farmer interests.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us identify the establishment year of each entity to determine the chronological order:
D. International Convention of the Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV):
UPOV was established by the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, which was adopted in Paris in 1961.
Its objective is to provide an effective system of plant variety protection.
C. The Indian Patents Act:
The central legislation governing patents in India was enacted in the year 1970 and came into force in 1972, replacing previous colonial-era acts.
B. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD):
The CBD is a multilateral treaty opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
It entered into force in December 1993, focusing on biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
A. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act (PPV&FR Act):
To comply with the TRIPS agreement while protecting traditional farming rights, India enacted this legislation in 2001.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Arranging from the earliest to the latest:
UPOV (1961) $\rightarrow$ Indian Patents Act (1970) $\rightarrow$ CBD (1992) $\rightarrow$ PPV&FR Act (2001).
This sequence is D, C, B, A, which corresponds to Option (A).
Intellectual property rights (IPR) in agriculture and plant breeding have evolved through international treaties and national legislations to balance breeder rights, biodiversity conservation, and farmer interests.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us identify the establishment year of each entity to determine the chronological order:
D. International Convention of the Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV):
UPOV was established by the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, which was adopted in Paris in 1961.
Its objective is to provide an effective system of plant variety protection.
C. The Indian Patents Act:
The central legislation governing patents in India was enacted in the year 1970 and came into force in 1972, replacing previous colonial-era acts.
B. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD):
The CBD is a multilateral treaty opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
It entered into force in December 1993, focusing on biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
A. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act (PPV&FR Act):
To comply with the TRIPS agreement while protecting traditional farming rights, India enacted this legislation in 2001.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Arranging from the earliest to the latest:
UPOV (1961) $\rightarrow$ Indian Patents Act (1970) $\rightarrow$ CBD (1992) $\rightarrow$ PPV&FR Act (2001).
This sequence is D, C, B, A, which corresponds to Option (A).
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