Question

An approach in which gene expression (mRNA) is analysed in a biological sample at a given time under specific condition is referred to as

• A. Proteomics
• B. Metabolomics
• C. Transcriptomics
• D. Nutrigenomics

Hint:

Omics Terminology:
Genome (DNA) $\rightarrow$ Genomics.
Transcriptome (mRNA Gene Expression) $\rightarrow$ TRANSCRIPTOMICS.
Proteome (Proteins) $\rightarrow$ Proteomics.
Metabolome (Metabolites) $\rightarrow$ Metabolomics.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Functional genomics omics technologies: transcriptomics profiles the complete set of RNA transcripts (mRNA transcriptome) using RNA-seq or microarrays.
Key Formula or Approach:
\[ \text{Genomics (DNA)} \xrightarrow{\text{Transcription}} \mathbf{Transcriptomics \text{ (mRNA Transcriptome)}} \xrightarrow{\text{Translation}} \text{Proteomics (Proteins)} \longrightarrow \text{Metabolomics} \]

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Definitions of functional biological omics disciplines:
1. Transcriptomics (C): The global, high-throughput analysis of the complete set of all RNA transcripts (specifically messenger RNA [mRNA] gene expression profiles) present in a biological cell, tissue, or organism at a specific physiological developmental time point or environmental stress condition (using RNA-Seq or Microarrays).
2. Proteomics: Global study of all expressed proteins and post-translational modifications.
3. Metabolomics: Global analysis of all low-molecular-weight metabolites.
4. Nutrigenomics: Interaction between nutrients and gene expression.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Therefore, analysing mRNA gene expression is referred to as Transcriptomics, matching option (C).