Let's examine each option individually.
Although time is mentioned as a factor, the passage does not specifically state that time influences our decision-making method. Therefore, Option A is also incorrect.
Option B is incorrect because the author has not made any comparisons between the two methodologies to determine which one is superior.
Option C accurately summarizes the passage by distinguishing between the two methods. Therefore, it is the correct option.
Option D is also incorrect because it fails to accurately summarize the paragraph. The paragraph does not discuss decisions based on information.
So, the correct option is (C): Decisions based on intuition and information result in differential speed and ability to provide a rationale.