Question

The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.
Medieval portolan charts of the Mediterranean and later navigation charts from Holland served practical navigational purposes effectively. Detailed city plans from historical works such as Braun and Hogenberg's "Civitates Orbis Terrarum" and John Speed's depictions of English cities provide valuable insights into their historical layouts and sizes. Similarly, John Ogilby's "Britannia, Volume the First," published in 1675, offers extensive details on England's road network as it existed nearly three centuries ago. However, early maps often fall short of modern standards, which require precise representations of distances, elevations, and clearly distinguishable symbols. Cartography did not achieve the level of exactitude seen in later centuries until the 18th century.

• A. Medieval and later maps, while useful for navigation and city planning, lacked modern cartography's precision and scientific accuracy, which emerged in the 18th century.
• B. Portolan charts and later European city plans provided practical navigation aids and historical insights. Still, their accuracy fell short of modern standards due to limitations in representing distances and heights.
• C. Braun and Hogenberg's Civitates Orbis Terrarum and John Speed's city plans offered detailed views of European cities, showcasing their historical development, unlike early maps, which lacked precision until 18th-century cartography.
• D. John Ogilby's Britannia, Volume the First, published in 1675, depicted England's road system with detailed accuracy, highlighting the transition in mapmaking from rudimentary early maps to the exact science of cartography in the 18th century.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

The Correct Option is (B):Portolan charts and later European city plans provided practical navigation aids and historical insights. Still, their accuracy fell short of modern standards due to limitations in representing distances and heights.