List of top Physics Questions on Ray optics and optical instruments

For a transparent prism, if the angle of minimum deviation is equal to its refracting angle, the refractive index $n$ of the prism satisfies:

A biconvex lens is formed by using two plano-convex lenses as shown in the figure. The refractive index and radius of curvature of surfaces are also mentioned. When an object is placed on the left side of the lens at a distance of $30\,\text{cm}$, the magnification of the image will be:

Five persons $P_1, P_2, P_3, P_4$ and $P_5$ recorded object distance ($u$) and image distance ($v$) using same convex lens having power $+5$ D as (25,96), (30,62), (35,37), (45,35) and (50,32) respectively. Identify correct statement.

The size of the images of an object, formed by a thin lens are equal when the object is placed at two different positions 8 cm and 24 cm from the lens. The focal length of the lens is ___ cm.

A prism of angle $75^\circ$ and refractive index $\sqrt{3}$ is coated with thin film of refractive index 1.5 only at the back exit surface. To have total internal reflection at the back exit surface the incident angle angle must be ___. ($\sin 15^\circ = 0.25$ and $\sin 25^\circ = 0.43$)}

In parallax method for the determination of focal length of a concave mirror, the object should always be placed:

Inductance of a coil with $10^4$ turns is $10\,\text{mH}$ and it is connected to a DC source of $10\,\text{V}$ with internal resistance $10\,\Omega$. The energy density in the inductor when the current reaches $ \left(\frac{1}{e}\right) $ of its maximum value is \[ \alpha \pi \times \frac{1}{e^2}\ \text{J m}^{-3}. \] The value of $ \alpha $ is _________.
\[ (\mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7}\ \text{TmA}^{-1}) \]

$XPQY$ is a vertical smooth long loop having a total resistance $R$, where $PX$ is parallel to $QY$ and the separation between them is $l$. A constant magnetic field $B$ perpendicular to the plane of the loop exists in the entire space. A rod $CD$ of length $L\,(L>l)$ and mass $m$ is made to slide down from rest under gravity as shown. The terminal speed acquired by the rod is _______ m/s.

Three identical coils $C_1$, $C_2$ and $C_3$ are closely placed such that they share a common axis. $C_2$ is exactly midway. $C_1$ carries current $I$ in anti-clockwise direction while $C_3$ carries current $I$ in clockwise direction. An induced current flows through $C_2$ will be in clockwise direction when

Given below are two statements :
Statement I : In a Young's double slit experiment, the angular separation of fringes will increase as the screen is moved away from the plane of the slits
Statement II : In a Young's double slit experiment, the angular separation of fringes will increase when monochromatic source is replaced by another monochromatic source of higher wavelength
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

In a microscope, the objective has a focal length $f_o=2$ cm and the eye-piece has a focal length $f_e=4$ cm. The tube length is 32 cm. The magnification produced by this microscope for normal adjustment is_____.

A collimated beam of light of diameter 2 mm is propagating along the x-axis. The beam is required to be expanded into a collimated beam of diameter 14 mm using a system of two convex lenses. If the first lens has focal length 40 mm, then the focal length of the second lens is_____ mm.

Consider the nuclear reaction $ X \to Y + Z $. Let $ M_x $, $ M_y $, and $ M_z $ be the masses of the three nuclei X, Y, and Z respectively. Then which of the following relations hold true?

A 500 nm photon is incident normally on a perfectly reflecting surface and is reflected. The value of momentum transferred to the surface is:

A point source, in air, is placed at a distance of 6 cm in front of a convex spherical surface (n = 1.5 and radius of curvature = 24 cm). Find the position and nature of the image formed.

The energy of an electron in an orbit in hydrogen atom is -3.4 eV. Its angular momentum in the orbit will be:

The real image of an object placed between $ f $ and $ 2f $ from a convex lens can be seen on a screen placed at the image location. If the screen is removed, is the image still there? Explain. Plane and convex mirrors produce virtual images of objects. Can they produce real images under some circumstances? Explain.

With the help of a ray diagram, describe the construction and working of a compound microscope.

Write any two points of difference between interference pattern due to double-slit and diffraction pattern due to single-slit.

A parallel beam of monochromatic light falls normally on a single slit of width $ a $ and a diffraction pattern is observed on a screen placed at a distance $ D $ from the slit. Explain:
the formation of maxima and minima in the diffraction pattern, and
why the maxima go on becoming weaker and weaker with increasing order $ (n) $.

Two thin lenses of focal length $ f_1 $ and $ f_2 $ are placed in contact with each other coaxially. Prove that the focal length $ f $ of the combination is given by \[ f = \frac{f_1 f_2}{f_1 + f_2}. \]

Two lenses one biconvex and other plano concave have same magnitude of power. The refractive indices of their materials are 1.5 and 1.7 respectively. If the radii of curvature of the lenses are as shown. find the ratio : $\frac{R_1}{R_2}$ :

Combination of lenses are arranged in case I and case II as shown in the figure. In case I, $ f_1 = 5 \, \text{cm} $, and in case II, $ f_2 = 4 \, \text{cm} $, the object is at $ -10 \, \text{cm} $. Magnification in two cases are $ m_1 $ and $ m_2 $. Find $ \left| \frac{m_1}{m_2} \right| $.

Focal length of objective lens and eyepiece lens are 1.25 cm and 5 cm and tube length is 26 cm. Find magnification of compound microscope in normal adjustment.

A ray parallel to the x-axis (principal axis of curved surface) is incident. The x-coordinate where the ray cuts the x-axis is: (The radius of curvature is 50 cm and $ \mu = 1.5 $).