List of top Petroleum Production Operations Questions on Oil Processing

A Newtonian fluid is transported through a smooth horizontal pipe of diameter 1 m at a flow rate of 3.14 m³/s. The length of the pipe is 1 km. The viscosity of the oil is 0.02 Pa.s and its density is 800 kg/m³. Consider the Darcy friction factor (\( f \)) for turbulent flow in a smooth pipe is given as
\[ f = \frac{0.316}{{Re}^{0.25}} \] where \( {Re} \) is the Reynolds number.
Assuming fully-developed flow in the pipe, the pressure drop due to the frictional effect is .......... kPa (rounded off to two decimal places).
An electrical submersible pump is to be installed to lift oil of 30° API in a 10000 ft deep well. The oil formation volume factor (\( B_o \)) is 1.25 rb/stb. The desired flow rate is 8000 stb/day. Minimum suction pressure of the chosen pump is 200 psi. Inflow performance relationship shows a flowing bottomhole pressure of 2820 psi at the desired flow rate.
Assuming casing pressure and weight of the gas in the annulus to be negligible, the minimum pump setting depth is .......... ft (rounded off to one decimal place).
The laboratory analysis data obtained from the core is as follows:
Weight of clean dry core in air = 30 g
Weight of core completely saturated with oil = 32 g
Weight of saturated core completely immersed in oil = 24 g
If the density of oil used for saturation of core during the experiment is 0.88 g/cc, then the effective porosity of the core is .......... % (rounded off to two decimal places).
Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT about the chemicals used for the processing of sour crude oil and natural gas?
The primary objective of the electrostatic grid in electrostatic heater-treater used in crude oil processing is to:
A Newtonian fluid is transported through a smooth horizontal pipe of diameter 1 m at a flow rate of 3.14 m³/s. The length of the pipe is 1 km. The viscosity of the oil is 0.02 Pa.s and its density is 800 kg/m³. Consider the Darcy friction factor (\( f \)) for turbulent flow in a smooth pipe is given as
\[ f = \frac{0.316}{{Re}^{0.25}} \] where \( {Re} \) is the Reynolds number.
Assuming fully-developed flow in the pipe, the pressure drop due to the frictional effect is .......... kPa (rounded off to two decimal places).

The effect of pressure on various properties of black oil is shown in the figure. The bubble point pressure is \( P_b \). 
 


Which of the following option(s) is/are CORRECT? 
 

A stationary tank is cylindrical in shape with two hemispherical ends and is horizontal, as shown in the figure. \( R \) is the radius of the cylinder as well as of the hemispherical ends. The tank is half filled with an oil of density \( \rho \) and the rest of the space in the tank is occupied by air. The air pressure, inside the tank as well as outside it, is atmospheric. The acceleration due to gravity (\( g \)) acts vertically downward. 
The net horizontal force applied by the oil on the right hemispherical end (shown by the bold outline in the figure) is: 

Four curves designated as I, II, III, and IV are shown in the figure. \( q_f \) is the bottomhole oil flow rate, \( q_s \) is the surface oil flow rate, and \( B_o \) is the oil formation volume factor. Which ONE of the following curves depicts the minimum wellbore storage effect? 

Four curves designated as I, II, III, and IV are shown in the figure. \( P_b \) is the bubble point pressure of a crude oil at the given temperature. Which ONE of the following options correctly depicts the solubility of asphaltene (\( q_a \)) in the crude oil with pressure (\( P \)) at a given temperature? 

The laboratory analysis data obtained from the core is as follows:
Weight of clean dry core in air = 30 g
Weight of core completely saturated with oil = 32 g
Weight of saturated core completely immersed in oil = 24 g
If the density of oil used for saturation of core during the experiment is 0.88 g/cc, then the effective porosity of the core is .......... % (rounded off to two decimal places).
An electrical submersible pump is to be installed to lift oil of 30° API in a 10000 ft deep well. The oil formation volume factor (\( B_o \)) is 1.25 rb/stb. The desired flow rate is 8000 stb/day. Minimum suction pressure of the chosen pump is 200 psi. Inflow performance relationship shows a flowing bottomhole pressure of 2820 psi at the desired flow rate.
Assuming casing pressure and weight of the gas in the annulus to be negligible, the minimum pump setting depth is .......... ft (rounded off to one decimal place).
Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT about the chemicals used for the processing of sour crude oil and natural gas?
Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT about polymer flooding?
Crude oil denser than pure water has the API gravity:
The primary objective of the electrostatic grid in electrostatic heater-treater used in crude oil processing is to
In a counter current heat exchanger, the hot fluid enters at 175 °F and exits at 100 °F. The cold fluid enters at 75 °F and exits at 85 °F. For the calculation of heat transfer rate, consider the tube surface area (per unit length) to be 0.26 ft²/ft and a tube length of 40 ft. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the exchanger is 100 BTU/hr-ft². The minimum number of tubes required in the exchanger for a heat duty of \( 15 \times 10^5 \) BTU/hr is \(\underline{\hspace{2cm}}\) (round off to nearest integer).

Heavy oil recovered from reservoirs can be represented by $C_xH_{1.5x}$. Suitable processes to reduce the density of heavy oil are
 

Crude oil from oil sands contains bitumen and asphaltene, and this crude is heavy and viscous at room temperature. Assume that one such crude oil is represented by \( C_xH_{1.2x}O_y \). For easier transportation through pipelines, it should be processed further. Identify the processes which help in transportation of this crude oil.
Oil and gas pipelines, which are at an elevated pressure (about 3 MPa) and sub-ambient temperature (below 298 K), may get blocked by the formation of solid hydrates. One of the strategies adopted to inhibit the formation of hydrates is the injection of Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors (THIs) into the reservoir fluid.
Identify all suitable chemicals that are commonly used as THIs.