List of top General Aptitude Questions on Critical Reasoning asked in GATE CS

Combinatorics deals with problems involving counting. For example, “How many
distinct arrangements of N distinct objects in M spaces on a circle are possible?”
is a typical problem in combinatorics. This kind of counting is sometimes used in
the modeling of several physical phenomena. Often, in such models, the different
combinatorial possibilities are assigned probability values. Assigning probabilities
enables the computation of the average values of physical quantities.
Consider the following statements:
P: Combinatorics is always invoked in the modeling of physical phenomena.
Q: Modeling some physical phenomena involves assigning probabilities to
combinatorial possibilities in order to compute average values of physical
quantities.
Based on the passage above, what can be inferred about statements P and Q?

Consider the following C program: \begin{verbatim} #include stdio.h void fX(); int main(){ fX(); return 0; } ____________________________ void fX(){ char a; if((a = getchar()) != '\n') fX(); if(a != '\n') putchar(a); } \end{verbatim} Assume that the input to the program from the command line is 1234 followed by a newline character. Which one of the following statements is CORRECT?