Question:
Woman on pap smear having disorganised growth of cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. Which phenomenon is occurring here?
Woman on pap smear having disorganised growth of cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. Which phenomenon is occurring here?
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Think about which cellular change is characterized by disorganised growth combined with hyperchromatic nuclei as seen in malignancy.
Updated On: Jun 23, 2026
- Dysplasia
- Metaplasia
- Hypertrophy
- Carcinoma
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Identify the key features. The pap smear shows: disorganised (disordered) growth of cells and hyperchromatic nuclei (dark-staining, enlarged nuclei).
Step 2: Understand the histopathological terms.
- Dysplasia: Disordered growth with atypical cells, but confined to a tissue layer; precancerous. May not fully explain the combination of features here in context.
- Metaplasia: Replacement of one mature cell type by another; cells are organized, not disordered.
- Hypertrophy: Increase in cell size without structural disorganisation.
- Carcinoma: Malignant epithelial tumour with anaplastic features including pleomorphism, hyperchromatic nuclei, loss of polarity (disorganised architecture), and increased mitoses.
Step 3: Apply to the scenario. Disorganised growth with hyperchromatic nuclei on pap smear in this context best represents carcinoma (anaplastic/malignant cells). Anaplastic cells characteristically show: pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, loss of polarity, and increased mitoses.
Conclusion: The findings are consistent with Carcinoma.
Step 2: Understand the histopathological terms.
- Dysplasia: Disordered growth with atypical cells, but confined to a tissue layer; precancerous. May not fully explain the combination of features here in context.
- Metaplasia: Replacement of one mature cell type by another; cells are organized, not disordered.
- Hypertrophy: Increase in cell size without structural disorganisation.
- Carcinoma: Malignant epithelial tumour with anaplastic features including pleomorphism, hyperchromatic nuclei, loss of polarity (disorganised architecture), and increased mitoses.
Step 3: Apply to the scenario. Disorganised growth with hyperchromatic nuclei on pap smear in this context best represents carcinoma (anaplastic/malignant cells). Anaplastic cells characteristically show: pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, loss of polarity, and increased mitoses.
Conclusion: The findings are consistent with Carcinoma.
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