Question:
Who first observed that FMD is caused by a filterable virus?
Who first observed that FMD is caused by a filterable virus?
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Remember that Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) was the very first animal viral disease discovered, and this landmark achievement is credited to Loeffler and Frosch.
Updated On: Aug 24, 2026
- Beijerinck
- Walter and Reed
- Loeffler and Frosch
- Edward Jenner
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The discovery of viruses as sub-microscopic, filterable infectious agents was a key milestone in microbiology and virology.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us identify the historical discoveries of each listed scientist:
- Martinus Beijerinck: Discovered the first plant virus, Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), and coined the term "virus" (contagium vivum fluidum) in 1898.
- Walter Reed: Led the team that confirmed that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquitoes, establishing the first human viral disease.
- Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch: In 1898, they demonstrated that the causative agent of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle could pass through a bacterial filter (Chamberland filter) and remained infectious. This was the first discovery of an animal-infecting virus.
- Edward Jenner: Developed the first successful smallpox vaccine using cowpox material.
Therefore, Loeffler and Frosch first observed that FMD is caused by a filterable virus.
Step 3: Final Answer
The correct option is (C).
The discovery of viruses as sub-microscopic, filterable infectious agents was a key milestone in microbiology and virology.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us identify the historical discoveries of each listed scientist:
- Martinus Beijerinck: Discovered the first plant virus, Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), and coined the term "virus" (contagium vivum fluidum) in 1898.
- Walter Reed: Led the team that confirmed that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquitoes, establishing the first human viral disease.
- Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch: In 1898, they demonstrated that the causative agent of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in cattle could pass through a bacterial filter (Chamberland filter) and remained infectious. This was the first discovery of an animal-infecting virus.
- Edward Jenner: Developed the first successful smallpox vaccine using cowpox material.
Therefore, Loeffler and Frosch first observed that FMD is caused by a filterable virus.
Step 3: Final Answer
The correct option is (C).
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